Toxins and venoms

@article{Brodie2009ToxinsAV,
  title={Toxins and venoms},
  author={Edmund D. Brodie},
  journal={Current Biology},
  year={2009},
  volume={19},
  pages={R931-R935}
}
  • E. Brodie
  • Published 3 November 2009
  • Biology
  • Current Biology
View on Elsevier
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18 References

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A number of overarching structural, functional, and evolutionary generalities of the protein families from which these toxins have been frequently recruited are discussed and a revised and expanded working definition for venom is proposed.

Evolutionary diversification of multigene families: allelic selection of toxins in predatory cone snails.

The results suggest that venoms of closely related CONUS: species may differ due to the differential expression of conotoxin loci, and suggest that diverse conot toxin multigene families can originate from duplications at polymorphic loci.

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Analysis of extracts of arthropods and microsympatric Malagasy poison frogs collected from Ranomafana, Madagascar suggest convergent evolution for the acquisition of defensive alkaloids in these dietary ants, which may have been the critical prerequisite for subsequent convergence in poison frogs between Madagascar and the Neotropics.

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It is suggested that placozoans and cnidarians represent a depauperate residue of a once more diverse assemblage of early animals, some of which may be represented in the Ediacaran fauna (c. 585–542 Myr ago).

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Secretion of salamander in birds caused convulsions, opisthotonos, and death, and in animals, laboured respiration, weak convulsion, recovery.

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The known diversity of Chengjiang deuterostomes are reviewed and it is argued that the vetulicolians and yunnanozoans represent very primitive deuterOSTomes, as well as new data to indicate that the yunncozoans are unlikely to be any sort of chordate.