Tinkering with constraints in the evolution of the vertebrate limb anterior-posterior polarity.

@article{Duboule2007TinkeringWC,
  title={Tinkering with constraints in the evolution of the vertebrate limb anterior-posterior polarity.},
  author={Denis Duboule and Basile Tarchini and József Zákány and Marie Kmita},
  journal={Novartis Foundation symposium},
  year={2007},
  volume={284},
  pages={
          130-7; discussion 138-41, 158-63
        }
}
Genes belonging to both HoxA and HoxD clusters are required for proper vertebrate limb development. Mice lacking all, or parts of, Hoxa and Hoxd functions in forelimbs, as well as mice with a gain of function of these genes in the early limb bud, have helped us to understand functional and regulatory issues associated with these genes, such that, for example, the tight mechanistic interdependency that exists between the production of the limb and its anterior to posterior (AP) polarity. Our… 
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