Three-dimensional mapping of unitary synaptic connections by two-photon macro photolysis of caged glutamate.

@article{Matsuzaki2008ThreedimensionalMO,
  title={Three-dimensional mapping of unitary synaptic connections by two-photon macro photolysis of caged glutamate.},
  author={Masanori Matsuzaki and Graham C. R. Ellis‐Davies and Haruo Kasai},
  journal={Journal of neurophysiology},
  year={2008},
  volume={99 3},
  pages={
          1535-44
        }
}
To understand the precise microarchitecture of the cortical circuitry, it is crucial to know the distribution of synaptic connections and their synaptic strengths at the level of a single cell, rather than a group of cells. Here, we describe a new application of two-photon photolysis of caged glutamate that enabled us to induce an action potential in only a small number (about five) of pyramidal neurons by increasing the volume of two-photon excitation by reducing the effective numerical… 
View on PubMed
jn.physiology.org
60 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
1
Background Citations
21
Methods Citations
10
Results Citations
3

Figures from this paper

60 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

Simultaneous two-photon activation of presynaptic cells and calcium imaging in postsynaptic dendritic spines
TLDR
This new method will be a powerful tool for clarifying the microarchitecture of synaptic connections, including the positional and structural characteristics of dendritic spines along the dendrites, as well as identifying various sizes of innervated spine located laterally from the postsynaptic soma.
Synaptic connectivity to L2/3 of primary visual cortex measured by two-photon optogenetic stimulation
TLDR
This work combined spatially precise optogenetic stimulation with multicellular recording to deeply characterize intralaminar and translaminar monosynaptic connections to supragranular neurons in the mouse visual cortex.
Circuit mapping by ultraviolet uncaging of glutamate.
TLDR
This protocol describes the components, assembly, and operation of a laser scanning microscope for ultraviolet (UV) uncaging, along with experimental methods for circuit mapping in brain slices, and presents a general approach and a set of guidelines for quantitative circuit mapping using "standard" LSPS methods based on single-photon glutamate uncaging.
Synaptic connectivity to L 2 / 3 of primary visual cortex measured 1 by two-photon optogenetic stimulation 2
TLDR
This work combined spatially precise optogenetic stimulation with multicellular recording to deeply characterize intralaminar and translaminar monosynaptic connections to supragranular neurons in the mouse visual cortex.
Reverse optical trawling for synaptic connections in situ.
TLDR
A new method is introduced to unveil the network connectivity among dozens of neurons in brain slice preparations by statistically screening the neurons that exhibited calcium transients immediately before the postsynaptic inputs and identifying the presynaptic cells that made synaptic connections onto the patch-clamped neurons.
Maturation of a Recurrent Excitatory Neocortical Circuit by Experience-Dependent Unsilencing of Newly Formed Dendritic Spines
Studies of cortical connectivity using optical circuit mapping methods
TLDR
This review provides an account of recent innovations, providing researchers with a primer detailing circuit mapping strategies in the cerebral cortex, and focuses on technical aspects of performing neurotransmitter uncaging and channelrhodopsin‐assisted circuit mapping, with the aim of identifying common pitfalls that can negatively influence the collection of reliable data.
Physiology and Impact of Horizontal Connections in Rat Neocortex.
TLDR
The estimates of the spatial distribution of cells presynaptic to L5B pyramids support the idea that the majority is located outside the local volume, and implement the data into a spiking neuronal network model shows that more horizontal connections promote robust asynchronous ongoing activity states and reduce noise correlations in stimulus-induced activity.
Emergence of functional subnetworks in layer 2/3 cortex induced by sequential spikes in vivo
TLDR
It is found that repeated triggering of spike trains in a randomly chosen group of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the somatosensory cortex triggered long-term plasticity of circuits (LTPc), resulting in the increased probability that the selected neurons would fire when action potentials of individual neuron in the group were evoked.
Two-photon microscopy for chemical neuroscience.
TLDR
A survey of the many important applications of two-photon microscopy in these two fields of neuroscience and fluorescence imaging is provided, and some areas for future technical development are suggested.
...
1
2
3
4
5
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 49 REFERENCES
Photostimulation using caged glutamate reveals functional circuitry in living brain slices.
  • E. Callaway, L. Katz
  • Biology
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
  • 1993
TLDR
Caged glutamate-based photostimulation eliminates artifacts and limitations inherent in conventional stimulation methods, including stimulation of axons of passage, desensitization, and poor temporal resolution of "puffer" pipettes, and current artifacts of iontophoretic application.
Geometric and functional organization of cortical circuits
TLDR
A large plasticity potential appears to be incorporated into these circuits, allowing for functional 'tuning' with fixed axonal and dendritic arbor geometry.
High-speed mapping of synaptic connectivity using photostimulation in Channelrhodopsin-2 transgenic mice
TLDR
It is concluded that ChR2 is a genetically based photostimulation technology that permits analysis of neural circuits with high spatial and temporal resolution in transgenic mammals.
Pyramidal cell communication within local networks in layer 2/3 of rat neocortex
TLDR
It is suggested that computation in the local network may proceed not only by direct pyramidal‐pyramidal cell communication but also via local interneurons, ideally poised to both coordinate and expand the local pyramid cell network via pyramID‐ interneuron‐ pyramides communication.
Number and Density of AMPA Receptors in Single Synapses in Immature Cerebellum
TLDR
The results indicate that in this developing synapse, the efficacy of transmission is determined by the synaptic area.
The neocortical microcircuit as a tabula rasa.
TLDR
Using multineuron whole-cell recordings and confocal microscopy, the first direct experimental evidence for a tabula rasa-like structural matrix between neocortical pyramidal neurons is provided and suggests that pre- and postsynaptic interactions shape the conversion between touches and synapses to form specific functional microcircuits.
Scanning laser photostimulation: a new approach for analyzing brain circuits
Dendritic spine geometry is critical for AMPA receptor expression in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons
TLDR
Analysis of the spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons reveal that AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid)-type glutamate receptors are abundant in mushroom spines but sparsely distributed in thin spines and filopodia, indicating that distribution of functional AMPA receptors is tightly correlated with spine geometry and that receptor activity is independently regulated at the level of single spines.
Excitatory cortical neurons form fine-scale functional networks
TLDR
Fine-scale specificity of connections to cortical layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in rat visual cortex is tested by using cross-correlation analyses of synaptic currents evoked by photostimulation to establish subnetworks of excitatory neurons within functional columns.
Mechanism of the distance‐dependent scaling of Schaffer collateral synapses in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons
TLDR
It is concluded that the main synaptic mechanism involved in the production of distance‐dependent scaling of Schaffer collateral synapses is an elevated postsynaptic AMPA receptor density.
...
1
2
3
4
5
...