The underwater environment: cardiopulmonary, thermal, and energetic demands.
@article{Pendergast2009TheUE, title={The underwater environment: cardiopulmonary, thermal, and energetic demands.}, author={D. Pendergast and C. Lundgren}, journal={Journal of applied physiology}, year={2009}, volume={106 1}, pages={ 276-83 } }
Water covers over 75% of the earth, has a wide variety of depths and temperatures, and holds a great deal of the earth's resources. The challenges of the underwater environment are underappreciated and more short term compared with those of space travel. Immersion in water alters the cardio-endocrine-renal axis as there is an immediate translocation of blood to the heart and a slower autotransfusion of fluid from the cells to the vascular compartment. Both of these changes result in an increase… Expand
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