The toxicology of chromium with respect to its chemical speciation: A review

@article{Katz1993TheTO,
  title={The toxicology of chromium with respect to its chemical speciation: A review},
  author={Sidney A. Katz and Harry Salem},
  journal={Journal of Applied Toxicology},
  year={1993},
  volume={13}
}
  • S. Katz, H. Salem
  • Published 1 May 1993
  • Chemistry
  • Journal of Applied Toxicology
The properties of trivalent and hexavalent chromium are reviewed with respect to acute and chronic oral toxicity, dermal toxicity, systemic toxicity, toxicokinetics, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The hexavalent chromium compounds appear to be 10–100 times more toxic than the trivalent chromium compounds when both are administered by the oral route. Dermal irritancy and allergy are more frequently caused by contact with soluble hexavalent chromium compounds. The cytotoxicity of… 
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512 Citations

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The findings contribute to a better understanding of the role that metal compound properties play in respiratory disease pathogenesis and provide a rationale for differing pulmonary immunotoxicities of commonly encountered ambient metal pollutants.
Chromium in Environment, Its Toxic Effect from Chromite-Mining and Ferrochrome Industries, and Its Possible Bioremediation
Chromium has long been recognized as a toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic metal. It is toxic to microorganism, plants, animals and humans. Chromium exists in environment in two stable forms: Cr(VI)…
Hexavalent Chromium Reduction in Soils Contaminated with Chromated Copper Arsenate Preservative
The toxicity and mobility of chromium in the environment greatly depends upon its speciation. The reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium in a soil environment was examined by spiking…
The Safety and Efficacy of High-Dose Chromium Davis
TLDR
There is evidence of hormonal effects of supplemental chromium besides the effect on insulin, and chromium supplementation does result in tissue retention, especially in the kidney, although no pathogenic effect has been demonstrated despite considerable study.
Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to chromium compounds
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Several examples of bacterial systems protecting from the oxidative stress caused by chromate have been described, and mechanisms of bacterial resistance to chromate involve the expression of components of the machinery for repair of DNA damage, and systems related to the homeostasis of iron and sulfur.
Physiological and toxicological changes in the skin resulting from the action and interaction of metal ions.
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Evidence presented shows that the balance of trace metal ions is critical for normal skin and repair mechanisms following injury, and xenobiotic ions can impair this balance, leading to pathological change.
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