The tonic immobility reaction in chickens: Response characteristics and methodology
@article{Gallup1971TheTI,
title={The tonic immobility reaction in chickens: Response characteristics and methodology},
author={Gordon G. Jr. Gallup and Richard F. Nash and Alan M. Wagner},
journal={Behavior Research Methods \& Instrumentation},
year={1971},
volume={3},
pages={237-239}
}A total of 379 chickens were run in five studies to assess the effect of different procedures on tonic immobility and to measure some of the response components of the reaction. The optimal period of manual restraint, by way of producing the most durable immobility response, was found to be 15 sec, and pretest holding conditions were shown to exert a significant influence on the reaction in naive birds. Birds who defecated during immobility or shortly after termination, remained immobile longer…
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Habituation and Tonic Immobility in Chickens: Strain Comparisons
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- 1978
Retention of habituation of immobility in White Leghorns was explored in a second experiment and was found to replicate the lack of spontaneous recovery noted in other research with Production Reds.
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Chickens restrained in the presence of a stuffed hawk remained immobile appreciably longer than controls. The extent to which the hawk influenced susceptibility to immobility also varied as a…
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It is demonstrated that anoles maintained in a group-living situation, with some daily exposure to humans, also show reliable decrements in duration of immobility.
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- 2006
It was found that either the occurrence of a loud noise immediately before induction or the presence of a stuffed Cooper's hawk increased the duration of immobility in some subjects, and the belief that tonic Immobility evolved as a predator defense in squirrel monkeys or one of their ancestors is supported.
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Tonic immobility was induced in 3- and 7-day-old chicks by a ventral restraint procedure in the presence of familiar or unfamiliar geometric shapes or blank test box walls. Older chicks exhibited…
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- 1972
Contrary to the contention that generalized arousal is the common denominator of situations designed to enhance tonic immobility, the effect of food deprivation on immobility time and ease of…
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- Psychology, Biology
- 1973
The data were discussed in terms of the fear hypothesis of animal hypnosis and as supporting a more general notion that the anticipation of shock may be more aversive than the receipt of shock.
Tonic immobility in chickens: possible involvement of monoamines.
- Psychology, BiologyJournal of comparative and physiological psychology
- 1975
The data appear to implicate monoamines, especially serotonin, in the mediation of behavioral activation and suppression in chickens, and suggest drug-induced suppression of raphe electrical activity.
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