The tonic immobility reaction in chickens: Response characteristics and methodology
@article{Gallup1971TheTI, title={The tonic immobility reaction in chickens: Response characteristics and methodology}, author={Gordon G. Jr. Gallup and Richard F. Nash and Alan M. Wagner}, journal={Behavior Research Methods \& Instrumentation}, year={1971}, volume={3}, pages={237-239} }
A total of 379 chickens were run in five studies to assess the effect of different procedures on tonic immobility and to measure some of the response components of the reaction. The optimal period of manual restraint, by way of producing the most durable immobility response, was found to be 15 sec, and pretest holding conditions were shown to exert a significant influence on the reaction in naive birds. Birds who defecated during immobility or shortly after termination, remained immobile longer…
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It was argued that defecation, rather than being an absolute measure of fear or emotionality, may in fact be an intermediate response to gradual fear reduction.
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It was found that either the occurrence of a loud noise immediately before induction or the presence of a stuffed Cooper's hawk increased the duration of immobility in some subjects, and the belief that tonic Immobility evolved as a predator defense in squirrel monkeys or one of their ancestors is supported.
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Contrary to the contention that generalized arousal is the common denominator of situations designed to enhance tonic immobility, the effect of food deprivation on immobility time and ease of…
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The data were discussed in terms of the fear hypothesis of animal hypnosis and as supporting a more general notion that the anticipation of shock may be more aversive than the receipt of shock.
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Tonic immobility (TI) is a profound, but easily reversible condition of response inhibition found in a wide variety of different species, including various insects, crustacea, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
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Chicks exhibiting short immobility durations vocalized significantly more than chicks exhibiting longer durations, which supports earlier reports that vocalizations can be inhibited by heightened arousal or fear.
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- Psychology, Biology
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Group-reared chicks manually restrained in the presence of an unrestrained conspecific remained immobile for less time than birds restrained in isolation. On the other hand, chicks restrained in…
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Three groups of four tarantulas, A. californica, were examined for the effect of distribution of trials on the duration and induction frequency of tonic immobility. Group 1 received 12 trials/day for…
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