The theory of unequal ecological exchange: a Marx-Odum dialectic
@article{Foster2014TheTO, title={The theory of unequal ecological exchange: a Marx-Odum dialectic}, author={John Bellamy Foster and Hannah Holleman}, journal={Journal of Peasant Studies}, year={2014}, volume={41}, pages={199 - 233} }
A world-system analysis of the ecological rift generated by capitalism requires as one of its elements a developed theory of the unequal ecological exchange between center and periphery. After reviewing the literature on unequal exchange (both economic and ecological) from Ricardo and Marx to the present, a new approach is provided, based on a critical appropriation of systems ecologist Howard Odum's emergy (spelled with an m) analysis. Odum's contribution offers key elements of a wider…
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