The technology of accelerometry-based activity monitors: current and future.

@article{Chen2005TheTO,
  title={The technology of accelerometry-based activity monitors: current and future.},
  author={Kong Y. Chen and David Bassett},
  journal={Medicine and science in sports and exercise},
  year={2005},
  volume={37 11 Suppl},
  pages={
          S490-500
        }
}
PURPOSE This paper reviews accelerometry-based activity monitors, including single-site first-generation devices, emerging technologies, and analytical approaches to predict energy expenditure, with suggestions for further research and development. METHODS The physics and measurement principles of the accelerometer are described, including the sensor properties, data collections, filtering, and integration analyses. The paper also compares these properties in several commonly used single-site… 
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An algorithm embodying best practice recommendations for collecting, processing, and reporting physical activity data routinely collected with accelerometry-based activity monitors is presented, proposed as a linear series of seven steps within three successive phases.

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The quantitative assessment of physical activity using wearable monitors is grounded in the measurement of energy expenditure and sensors and methods for quantitatively assessing physical activity should be validated in laboratory and free-living populations using criterion methods of calorimetry or doubly labeled water.

Validity of accelerometry in high-intensity complex movements

It is found that GT3x was not particularly valid for assessing energy expenditure in high intensity complex activities and was found to prefer before the Y-axis solely when using the accelerometer for estimations of EE.

Integration of physiological and accelerometer data to improve physical activity assessment.

The combination of HR and ACC improves the accuracy of PAEE estimates and could be applied in large-scale epidemiological studies.

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Issues associated with monitor equivalency are summarized and methods for standardization and quality control in future research are proposed.
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64 References

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The calibration of four different accelerometers used most frequently to assess physical activity and sedentary behavior in children are reviewed and alternative data processing using the raw acceleration signal is recommended as a possible alternative approach where the actual acceleration pattern is used to characterize activity behavior.

Reliability of accelerometry-based activity monitors: a generalizability study.

The CSA/MTI appeared to have acceptable reliability for most research applications and values with the other devices indicate some possible concerns with reliability, but additional work is needed to better understand factors contributing to variability in accelerometry data.

Validity of accelerometry for the assessment of moderate intensity physical activity in the field.

The count versus METs relationship for accelerometry was found to be dependent on the type of activity performed, which may be due to the inability of accelerometers to detect increased energy cost from upper body movement, load carriage, or changes in surface or terrain.

A comparative evaluation of three accelerometry-based physical activity monitors.

Evaluating the absolute and relative validity of three contemporary activity monitors under both laboratory and field conditions found the CSA yielded accurate predictions of energy expenditure (EE), whereas the Tritrac and Biotrainer tended to overestimate the EE (101-136% of measured value).

Prediction of activity energy expenditure using accelerometers in children.

Both accelerometer-based activity monitors provided valid measures of children's AEE and PAR, and can be used to discriminate sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous levels of physical activity but require further development to accurately predict A EE and PAR of individuals.

Assessment of energy expenditure for physical activity using a triaxial accelerometer.

Although sedentary activities and walking represent a large part of normal daily physical activity, the validity and usefulness of the triaxial accelerometer--measuring IAAtot--to predict EEact in daily life must be studied under free-living conditions.

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Estimation models that relate hip and wrist accelerometer data to energy expenditure (EE) in field and laboratory settings are established and the small amount of additional accuracy gained from the wrist accelerometers is offset by the extra time required to analyze the data and the cost of the accelerometer.

Principles of design and analyses for the calibration of accelerometry-based activity monitors.

  • G. Welk
  • Environmental Science
    Medicine and science in sports and exercise
  • 2005
The term "calibration" in accelerometry research has come to mean the conversion of counts into other established measurement units. In this article, two types of calibration research are described.…

Validity of four motion sensors in measuring moderate intensity physical activity.

Motion sensors tended to overpredict EE during walking, however, they underpredicted the energy cost of many other activities because of an inability to detect arm movements and external work.

Measuring daily behavior using ambulatory accelerometry: The Activity Monitor

The AM is based on ambulatory accelerometry, the aim of which is to assess postures and motions for long-term (>24-h) measurement periods during normal daily life and has many possibilities in behavioral research.
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