The small leucine-rich repeat secreted protein Asporin induces eyes in Xenopus embryos through the IGF signalling pathway

@article{Luehders2015TheSL,
  title={The small leucine-rich repeat secreted protein Asporin induces eyes in Xenopus embryos through the IGF signalling pathway},
  author={Kristin Luehders and Noriaki Sasai and Hongorzul Davaapil and Maiko Kurosawa-Yoshida and H. Hiura and Tara Brah and Shin-Ichi Ohnuma},
  journal={Development},
  year={2015},
  volume={142},
  pages={3351 - 3361}
}
Small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan (SLRP) family proteins play important roles in a number of biological events. Here, we demonstrate that the SLRP family member Asporin (ASPN) plays a crucial role in the early stages of eye development in Xenopus embryos. During embryogenesis, ASPN is broadly expressed in the neuroectoderm of the embryo. Overexpression of ASPN causes the induction of ectopic eyes. By contrast, blocking ASPN function with a morpholino oligonucleotide (ASPN-MO) inhibits eye… 
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Plasmid DNA microinjection into Xenopus embryos for misexpression of genes after zygotic gene expression begins is described and a method for coinjecting a reporter plasmid with mRNA or antisense morpholinos to perform luciferase reporter assays is described, useful for quantitative analysis of cis-regulatory sequences responding to endogenous or exogenous stimuli in embryos.

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Recent findings regarding the function of ASPN in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the mechanism involved in the generation of CEFs are described, which highlight the potential functions of macrophages in the formation of MC‐CAFs in gastric cancers, by transfer the contents of cancer cell‐derived extracellular vesicles.

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