• DOI:10.1093/intimm/dxt011
• Corpus ID: 14087180

The roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in immune responses.

@article{Nguyen2013TheRO,
  title={The roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in immune responses.},
  author={Nam Trung Nguyen and Hamza Hanieh and Taisuke Nakahama and Tadamitsu Kishimoto},
  journal={International immunology},
  year={2013},
  volume={25 6},
  pages={
          335-43
        }
}

• N. Nguyen, Hamza Hanieh, +1 author T. Kishimoto
• Published 1 June 2013
• Biology, Chemistry, Medicine
• International immunology

A number of recent studies have examined the functions of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) in the immune system. Also known as dioxin receptor, Ahr is a ligand-activated transcription factor that serves as a receptor for various environmental toxins. The functions of Ahr in T cells depend on the specific ligand bound to the receptor. For instance, binding of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to Ahr suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by promoting the development of Foxp3(+) Treg cells, whereas 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole enhances EAE by inducing the differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells. Furthermore, specifically deleting Ahr in T cells inhibits collagen-induced arthritis in mice. In macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), Ahr is anti-inflammatory. In response to LPS, Ahr-deficient macrophages show increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, and Ahr-deficient DCs produce less of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In this review, we discuss the roles of Ahr in macrophages and T cells. Moreover, studies examining Ahr activation in other cell types have revealed additional contributions to B cell and osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation. We also briefly summarize the current understanding of regulatory mechanisms underlying Ahr activation in various cells and discuss the potential clinical implications of cell-specific targeting of Ahr in pathologic conditions of the immune system.