The role of ocular muscle proprioception in visual localization of targets.

@article{Gauthier1990TheRO,
  title={The role of ocular muscle proprioception in visual localization of targets.},
  author={Gabriel M. Gauthier and D Nommay and Jean-Louis Vercher},
  journal={Science},
  year={1990},
  volume={249 4964},
  pages={
          58-61
        }
}
The role of ocular muscle proprioception in the localization of visual targets has been investigated in normal humans by deviating one eye to create an experimental strabismus. The passively deviated eye was covered and the other eye viewed the target. With a hand-pointing task, targets were systematically mislocalized in the direction of the deviated nonviewing eye. A 4- to 6-degree error resulted when the nonviewing eye was offset 30 degrees from straight ahead. When the eye was deviated, the… 
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Eye proprioception and visual localization in humans: Influence of ocular dominance and visual context
Egocentric visual target position and velocity coding: Role of ocular muscle proprioception
TLDR
techniques based on manual pointing and manual tracking of visual target, combined with passive deviation of one covered eye, are used to demonstrate that ocular muscle proprioception is involved in (i) eye-in-head position coding, hence in target localization function; (ii) long-term maintenance of ocular alignment (phoria); and (iii) sensing ofvisual target velocity with respect to the head.
Eye Proprioception Used for Visual Localization Only If in Conflict with the Oculomotor Plan
TLDR
Eye proprioception is continuously monitored to be incorporated into the eye position estimate when a mismatch with the efference copy of the motor command is detected, which supports the first model and identifies the limits for its operation.
Visual Target Velocity Coding through Ocular Muscle Proprioception
TLDR
The analysis of the overall problem of eye-hand tracking of visual target is limited to the coding of a visual target velocity with respect to the body in terms of what is commonly referred to as retinal and extra-retinal coding.
Ocular proprioception and efference copy in registering visual direction
Changes in ocular alignment and pointing accuracy after sustained passive rotation of one eye
Does orbital proprioception contribute to gaze stability during translation?
TLDR
It is found that microstimulation-induced eye position changes did not affect the translational VOR in the abductive (lateral rectus) direction, but it did influence the responses in the adductive (medial rectus), particularly in the abducent direction.
Eye muscle proprioception is represented bilaterally in the sensorimotor cortex
TLDR
It is suggested that the proprioceptive representation of the two eyes next to each other in either somatosensory cortex and extending into the premotor cortex reflects the integrative nature of the eye position sense, which combines proprioception information across the two Eyes with the efference copy of the oculomotor command.
Contribution of eye muscle proprioception to velocity-response characteristics of eye movements: involvement of the cerebellar flocculus
The proprioceptive representation of eye position in monkey primary somatosensory cortex
TLDR
A representation of eye position is demonstrated in monkey primary somatosensory cortex, in the representation of the trigeminal nerve, near cells with a tactile representations of the contralateral brow, which represents the position of the eye in the head and not the angle of gaze in space.
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