The role of dietary supplementation with plant sterols and stanols in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

@article{Devaraj2006TheRO,
  title={The role of dietary supplementation with plant sterols and stanols in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.},
  author={Sridevi Devaraj and Ishwarlal Jialal},
  journal={Nutrition reviews},
  year={2006},
  volume={64 7 Pt 1},
  pages={
          348-54
        }
}
Several studies have shown that increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol predict cardiovascular events. The Adult Treatment Panel II (ATP II) introduced the principle of therapeutic lifestyle changes, including plant sterols/stanols for the management of LDL cholesterol. Plant sterols and stanols in fat matrices effectively lower LDL cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic, diabetic, and healthy human volunteers. Recent studies also show that sterols (2 g/d) lower LDL… 
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Role of phytosterols in lipid-lowering: current perspectives.
TLDR
It is suggested that the short-term use of food supplements rich in plant sterols is a safe and effective strategy to maximize the benefits of dietary and lifestyle therapy, either with or without statin therapy, among majority of dyslipidemic patients with need for additional lipid-lowering.
Phytosterols and cardiovascular health.
Effects of plant sterols and stanols on intestinal cholesterol metabolism: suggested mechanisms from past to present.
TLDR
The existence of a direct secretion of cholesterol from the circulation into the intestinal lumen was described, which also explains the increased fecal neutral sterol content and as such could explain the cholesterol-lowering activity of plant sterols/stanols.
Phytosterols for dyslipidemia.
  • J. M. Malinowski, M. Gehret
  • Medicine, Biology
    American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
  • 2010
TLDR
Overall, phytosterols are useful for reducing LDL cholesterol in patients who cannot reach their treatment goal by diet alone or who are taking maximum tolerated doses of statins.
Phytosterols and vascular disease
TLDR
Phytosterols are effective in lowering low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, and do not appear to increase atherosclerotic risk, but additional research on this topic is necessary.
The comparative efficacy of plant sterols and stanols on serum lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Food and plant bioactives for reducing cardiometabolic disease risk: an evidence based approach.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the major causes of mortality and disability in Western countries. Prevention is known to be the cornerstone to lessen the incidence of CVDs and also to…
An update on the safety of nutraceuticals and effects on lipid parameters
TLDR
A growing body of preclinical, epidemiological and clinical evidence has defined the tolerability and safety profile of the most commonly used lipid-lowering nutraceuticals and their pharmacological profile will be discussed.
Plant sterols for adults with hypercholesterolemia treated with or without medication (statins)
TLDR
Clinical studies and available meta-analyses do not indicate any problems related to the drug-nutrient interaction associated with the use of plant sterol-enriched foods and a healthy diet, exercise and foods high in PS can provide the best therapeutic approach in patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia.
Cholesterol-lowering effects of plant steryl and stanyl laurate by oral administration in mice.
TLDR
Investigation of the efficacy of synthesized plant steryl and stanyl laurate in lowering the cholesterol level and the cholesterol-lowering potential of the free plant sterols and stanols dissolved in liquid emulsion on serum and liver lipids in mice by oral administration suggested that the esterified plant sterol/stanols had comparable effects but that they did gain a solubility advantage from the free Plant sterols/Stanols.
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References

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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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