# The pressure distribution inside the proton

@article{Burkert2018ThePD,
title={The pressure distribution inside the proton},
author={Volker Burkert and Latifa Elouadrhiri and F. Girod},
journal={Nature},
year={2018},
volume={557},
pages={396-399}
}
• Published 2018
• Physics, Medicine
• Nature
The proton, one of the components of atomic nuclei, is composed of fundamental particles called quarks and gluons. Gluons are the carriers of the force that binds quarks together, and free quarks are never found in isolation—that is, they are confined within the composite particles in which they reside. The origin of quark confinement is one of the most important questions in modern particle and nuclear physics because confinement is at the core of what makes the proton a stable particle and… Expand

#### Figures and Topics from this paper

Proton internal pressure distribution suggests a simple proton structure
• Physics
• 2019
Abstract Understanding the origin of quark confinement in hadrons remains one of the most challenging problems in modern physics. Recently, the pressure distribution inside the proton was measuredExpand
Pressure Distribution and Shear Forces inside the Proton.
• Physics, Medicine
• Physical review letters
• 2019
The target kinematics for experiments aiming to determine the pressure and shear distributions with greater precision at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility and a future electron ion collider are investigated. Expand
A U.S.-based Electron-Ion Collider
• V. Guzey
• Physics
• Journal of Physics: Conference Series
• 2019
An Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) in USA is currently discussed as a next-generation facility for high-energy nuclear physics. The main goal of the EIC is to study fundamental questions of QuantumExpand
Computation of the masses, energies and internal pressures of hadrons, mesons and bosons via the Rotating Lepton Model
• Physics
• 2020
Abstract The rotating lepton model (RLM) of composite particles is used in conjunction with special relativity, the equivalence principle of inertial and gravitational mass, and the de BroglieExpand
Probing gravity at sub-femtometer scales through the pressure distribution inside the proton
Abstract Recently, a measurement of the pressure distribution experienced by the quarks inside the proton has found a strong repulsive (positive) pressure at distances up to 0.6 femtometers from itsExpand
QCD analysis of near-threshold photon-proton production of heavy quarkonium
• Physics
• 2021
The near threshold photo or electroproduction of heavy vector quarkonium off the proton is studied in quantum chromodynamics. Similar to the high-energy limit, the production amplitude can beExpand
Measurability of pressure inside the proton
This study repeats the procedure using more flexible parameterization by neural networks to improve the analysis of the uncertainty and demonstrates that the experimental data used by Burkert et al.1 are actually consistent with zero quark pressure in the proton. Expand
Atoms and molecules in soft confinement potentials
ABSTRACT We present a detailed non-relativistic study of the atoms H, He, C and K and the molecule CH in the centre of a spherical soft confinement potential of the form with stiffness parameter NExpand
Parton distributions and lattice-QCD calculations: Toward 3D structure
The strong force which binds hadrons is described by the theory of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Determining the character and manifestations of QCD is one of the most important and challengingExpand
The Black Hole With A Finite-Size Nucleus Based On The Energy Conservation, Coulomb's Interaction, And Strong Interaction
From analysis of the light geodesic along the radial direction, an infinite time for light passing through the event horizon of the black hole seems to be an unreasonable physical solution. The sameExpand

#### References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 31 REFERENCES
Gravitational form factors and nucleon spin structure
Nucleon scattering by the classical gravitational field is described by the gravitational (energy-momentum tensor) form factors (GFFs), which also control the partition of nucleon spin between theExpand
Exclusive Processes in Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics
• Physics
• 1980
We present a systematic analysis in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) of large-momentum-transfer exclusive processes. Predictions are given for the scaling behavior, angular dependence,Expand
Skewed and double distributions in pion and nucleon
• Physics
• 1999
We study the non-forward matrix elements of twist-2 QCD light-ray operators and their representations in terms of skewed and double distributions, considering the pion as well as the nucleon. WeExpand
Cross Sections for the Exclusive Photon Electroproduction on the Proton and Generalized Parton Distributions.
• H. Jo, +142 authors I. Zonta
• Physics, Medicine
• Physical review letters
• 2015
The results support the model predictions of a larger nucleon size at lower quark-momentum fraction x_{B} and the GPD H, expected to be the dominant contributor to these observables. Expand
Measurement of deeply virtual compton scattering beam-spin asymmetries.
The beam-spin asymmetries in the hard exclusive electroproduction of photons on the proton were measured over a wide kinematic range and with high statistical accuracy, and can be used to constrain significantly the generalized parton distributions of the nucleon in the valence quark sector. Expand
ENERGY-MOMENTUM STRUCTURE FORM FACTORS OF PARTICLES
By emphasizing the analogy between mass and charge as sources of fields, we are led to examine the mechanical structure of a particle in terms of the matrix elements 〈p′|θαβ(0)|p〉, where θαβ(x) isExpand
Narrow Nucleon-$\psi(2S)$ Bound State and LHCb Pentaquarks
• Physics
• 2016
We interpret the newly discovered pentaquark Pc(4450) as a bound state of charmonium ψ(2S) and the nucleon. The binding potential is due to the charmonium-nucleon interaction that in the heavy quarkExpand
Generalized parton distributions and strong forces inside nucleons and nuclei
Abstract We argue that generalized parton distributions (GPDs), accessible in hard exclusive processes, carry information about the spatial distribution of forces experienced by quarks and gluonsExpand
Wave functions, evolution equations and evolution kernels from light ray operators of QCD
• Physics
• 1994
The widely used nonperturbative wave functions and distribution functions of QCD are determined as matrix elements of light-ray operators. These operators appear as large momentum limit of nonlocalExpand
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering
We study in QCD the physics of deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS){emdash}the virtual Compton process in the large s and small t kinematic region. We show that DVCS can probe a new type of {italExpand