The optimal impact phenomenon : beyond the third person effect

@article{Hoorens1996TheOI,
  title={The optimal impact phenomenon : beyond the third person effect},
  author={Vera Hoorens and Suzanne Ruiter},
  journal={European Journal of Social Psychology},
  year={1996},
  volume={26},
  pages={599-610}
}
According to the third person hypothesis, people believe that the media have a greater effect on other people's attitudes and behaviours than on their own attitudes and behaviours. A self-enhanceme nt explanation for the third person effect was tested, stating that people perceive their own responses to the media not as weaker but as more appropriate than other people's responses. Subjects rated the relative attitudinal impact of messages that are generally considered to be desirable to be… 
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164 Citations

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This article focuses on people’s beliefs about how other people’s political attitudes are shaped and examines how the hypothesis of a third-person effect is related to non-mediated sources of…
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Abstract This article focuses on people’s beliefs about how other people’s political attitudes are shaped and examines how the hypothesis of a third-person effect is related to non-mediated sources…
On the Behavioral Component of the Third-Person Effect
This article examines the behavioral hypothesis of the third-person effect. It argues that self-other disparities in perceived message effects lead to specific rectifying behaviors due to,…
The First-Person Effect and Its Behavioral Consequences: A New Trend in the Twenty-Five Year History of Third-Person Effect Research
The perceived effect of the media on the self when compared to others has been adequately established over the last 25 five years. Rather than a third-person effect where individuals perceive a…
On the Behavioral Component of the Third-Person Effect
TLDR
Results from Web-based survey data showed that the third-person perception was a robust and significant predictor across all three messages, but the directions of such effects differed across messages with desirable or undesirable presumed influence.
The Third-Person Effect: A Meta-Analysis of the Perceptual Hypothesis
In this study, we report the results of a meta-analysis concerning the third-person effect's perceptual hypothesis. The hypothesis predicts that people judge the media to exert greater persuasive…
Right about others, wrong about ourselves? Actual and perceived self-other differences in resistance to persuasion.
TLDR
Rather than overestimating others' attitude change, this study found evidence that people underestimated the extent to which their own attitudes had, or would have, changed.
Running head : EFFICACY BELIEFS IN THIRD-PERSON EFFECTS 1 Efficacy Beliefs in Third-Person Effects
People generally believe they are less susceptible than others to influences of media, and a growing body of research implicates such biased processing, or third-person perception, in public support…
Media Schemas, Perceived Effects, and Person Perceptions
Media schemas about the power of the media are widely thought to influence perceived media effects and third-person perception, but only one study has shown this, and it did not consider desirable…
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References

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