The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults.

@article{Young1993TheOO,
  title={The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults.},
  author={Terry B Young and Mari Palta and Jerome A Dempsey and James B. Skatrud and Steven M. Weber and Safwan M. Badr},
  journal={The New England journal of medicine},
  year={1993},
  volume={328 17},
  pages={
          1230-5
        },
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9183654}
}
The prevalence of undiagnosed sleep-disordered breathing is high among men and is much higher than previously suspected among women, and is associated with daytime hypersomnolence.
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The higher prevalence of OSAHS in urban Indian men is striking and may have major public health implications in a developing country.

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There is a dose-response relationship between sleep-disordered breathing and blood pressure, independent of known confounding factors and this relationship could account for hypertension in a substantial number of adults in the United States.

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Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in middle-aged Korean men and women.

The findings show that SDB is a common problem in the Korean adult population and understanding and treatment of SDB may be essential in terms of intervention to reduce the risk of related medical problems.

Prevalence of Sleep Disordered Breathing and Sleep Apnea in 50- to 70-Year-Old Individuals

SDB and SAS are common among 50- to 70-year olds and subjects in the SDB group had higher systolic blood pressure than in the non-SDB group (p < 0.05).

Association of sleep-disordered breathing and the occurrence of stroke.

These data demonstrate a strong association between moderate to severe sleep-disordered breathing and prevalent stroke, independent of confounding factors and provide the first prospective evidence that sleep- Disordered breathing precedes stroke and may contribute to the development of stroke.

Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension.

A dose-response association between sleep-disordered breathing at base line and the presence of hypertension four years later was found that was independent of known confounding factors and suggest that sleep- disordered breathing is likely to be a risk factor for hypertension and consequent cardiovascular morbidity in the general population.

Smoking as a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing.

Current cigarette smokers are at greater risk for sleep-disordered breathing than are never smokers, and smoking cessation should be considered in the treatment and prevention of sleep- Disordered breathing.

The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in Northwest Russia: The ARKHsleep study

The ARKHsleep study revealed a high burden of both SDB and CVD; however, more large-scale cohort studies and intervention studies are needed to better understand whether the early recognition and treatment of mild SDB with or without symptoms will improve cardiovascular prognosis and/or quality of life.
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29 References

Sleep-disordered breathing in community-dwelling elderly.

Body mass index, falling asleep at inappropriate times, male gender, no alcohol within 2 hr of bedtime and napping were the best predictors of sleep-disordered breathing.

Sleep-disordered breathing in the healthy elderly. Clinically significant?

It is concluded that SDB occurring in otherwise healthy older persons is not a cause for immediate concern, although longitudinal studies may yet demonstrate significant long-term sequelae of SDB in this population.

Clinical significance of sleep apnea in the elderly.

Although an increase in daytime sleep tendency was shown for the group with more frequent apneas, no appreciable deficits in cognitive performance were demonstrated and apnea during sleep in the elderly may not necessarily result in other physiologic or neuropsychologic consequences.

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Night-to-night variability of breathing and oxygenation during sleep was examined with portable monitoring equipment in 30 residents of a retirement village. Subjects had a variety of health problems…

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It is confirmed that hypopneas are clinically important and that the "sleep apnea syndrome" may occur in the absence of recurrent apneas.

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Large obesity is the dominant factor for the appearance of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in women and is thought to be related to hormonal status and better arousal response.

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It is suggested that measurement of the RDI with in-home monitoring provides a valid and highly reproducible index for assessment of sleep-related respiratory disturbances for use in epidemiologic studies of general populations.

Are history and physical examination a good screening test for sleep apnea?

In patients with a high predicted probability of the sleep apnea syndrome, subjective impression alone or any combination of clinical features cannot serve as a reliable screening test, and the model based on clinical data was sufficiently sensitive to permit about a 30% reduction in the number of unnecessary sleep studies.

Predictors and prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring in 1001 middle aged men.

It is shown that snoring in this randomly selected population correlates best with neck size, smoking, and nasal stuffiness, and less so with age and general obesity.