The mortality rate of electroconvulsive therapy: a systematic review and pooled analysis

@article{Torring2017TheMR,
  title={The mortality rate of electroconvulsive therapy: a systematic review and pooled analysis},
  author={Nina Torring and Sohag N. Sanghani and Georgios Petrides and Charles H. Kellner and S{\o}ren Dinesen {\O}stergaard},
  journal={Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica},
  year={2017},
  volume={135}
}
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains underutilized because of fears of cognitive and medical risks, including the risk of death. In this study, we aimed to assess the mortality rate of ECT by means of a systematic review and pooled analysis. 
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Low medical morbidity and mortality after acute courses of electroconvulsive therapy in a population‐based sample
TLDR
To determine event rates for specific medical events and mortality among individuals receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), data are collected on patients receiving ECT for 12 weeks after treatment with an EMT.
Complications of general anaesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy
TLDR
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective and relatively safe method of treatment in selected mental disorders and like every medical procedure, electroconvulsive Therapy might involve life-threatening complications.
Electroconvulsive therapy for depression: 80 years of progress
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This analysis uses an evidence-based approach to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of modern electroconvulsive therapy.
Should we stop using electroconvulsive therapy?
TLDR
Evidence shows ECT is effective and safe in depression and that adverse side effects can be managed, say Sameer Jauhar and Declan M McLoughlin.
The Role of Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Bipolar Mixed State.
When to consider electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
TLDR
To familiarize the reader with the role of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in current psychiatric medicine, this chapter discusses the use of ECT in the treatment of major depressive disorder.
Is Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy Always an Elective Procedure?: Weighing Medical Versus Psychiatric Risk.
TLDR
An arbitrary regulation requiring new assessments every 30 days may be unduly burdensome and unnecessary and should be weighed against the potential psychiatric risk of delayed treatment.
Real‐world evidence of age‐independent electroconvulsive therapy efficacy: A retrospective cohort study
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depressive disorders and approved for use in adolescents and adults, but it is unclear whether efficacy or cognitive side effect burden…
Electroconvulsive therapy increases brain volume in major depression: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
The main purpose of this review was to synthesise evidence on ECT's effects on brain's structure.
Mortality after electroconvulsive therapy
TLDR
There was some indication that mortality may be reduced in patients receiving ECT compared with similar patients who do not receive ECT, and there was no evidence of elevated or excess mortality after ECT.
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References

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TLDR
In the 1940s, regressive and intensive methods were developed to increase the therapeutic effects of electroconvulsive therapy and the risks and benefits from a historical perspective are evaluated.
Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Electroconvulsive Treatment in Great Britain
A survey of the practice of electroconvulsive treatment, ECT, in Great Britain was made during 1980–81 for the Royal College of Psychiatrists, supported by grants from the Department of Health and…
Morbidity and Mortality in the Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy
TLDR
A retrospective review of all the patients who underwent ECT at this institution between January 1, 1988, through December 31, 2001 concludes that ECT is an extremely safe procedure.
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TLDR
A gradual decline in the use of ECT is found, due mainly to a reduction in ECT for schizophrenic patients, and eighty percent of treatments were given with bilateral electrode placement, although the incidence of adverse effects is found to be greater with bilateral ECT.
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TLDR
Further investigation of the effect of ECT on physical health and the observed increased suicide rate immediately following treatment are needed, although the last finding is likely to result from selection bias.
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TLDR
The authors describe the electroconvulsive therapy treatment of seven patients who had intracranial masses or mass effect and one patient who was status post mass resection, and provide recommendations for clinical practice with such patients.
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TLDR
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TLDR
ECT appears to be relatively safe and more effective than pharmacotherapy for major depressive disorders in old-old patients and showed fewer cardiovascular and gastrointestinal side effects.
Electroconvulsive therapy during pregnancy: a systematic review of case studies
TLDR
Electroconvulsive therapy during pregnancy is advised considered only as last resort treatment under very stringent diagnostic and clinical indications and Updated international guidelines are urgently needed.
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