The length of time required for a selectively neutral mutant to reach fixation through random frequency drift in a finite population.

@article{Kimura1970TheLO,
  title={The length of time required for a selectively neutral mutant to reach fixation through random frequency drift in a finite population.},
  author={M Kimura},
  journal={Genetical research},
  year={1970},
  volume={15 1},
  pages={
          131-3
        }
}
  • M. Kimura
  • Published 1 February 1970
  • Biology
  • Genetical research
A general theory concerning the average number of generations until a mutant gene becomes fixed (established) in a finite population was developed by Kimura & Ohta (1969a) based on the diffusion models. For the special case of selectively neutral mutants, the problem was simplified and it was shown by them that the average length of time until fixation (excluding the cases of eventual loss) is approximately 4:Ne generations, where Ne is the 'variance' effective number of the population (cf… 
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It was shown that, when 2Nv- is much less than unity, the time for spreading is greatly shortened by gene duplication as compared with the case of complete linkage between the two sites of mutations, where 2N is the effective population size (haploid) and v- is the rate of compensatory mutations.
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References

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A general expression is derived for the variance of time to fixation of a neutral gene in a finite population using a diffusion approximation. The results are compared with exact values derived by…
THE MEASUREMENT OF EFFECTIVE POPULATION NUMBER
TLDR
The effective number of an actual population is defined as the size of an idealized population with the same amount of inbreeding or random gene frequency drift as the population under consideration.
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