The insulin resistance syndrome: definition and dietary approaches to treatment.
@article{Reaven2005TheIR, title={The insulin resistance syndrome: definition and dietary approaches to treatment.}, author={Gerald Reaven}, journal={Annual review of nutrition}, year={2005}, volume={25}, pages={ 391-406 } }
The ability of insulin to stimulate glucose disposal varies at least sixfold in apparently healthy individuals, and approximately one-third of the population that is most resistant to this action of insulin is at greatly increased risk to develop a number of adverse clinical outcomes. Type 2 diabetes occurs when insulin resistant individuals are unable to secrete enough insulin to compensate for the defect in insulin action, and this was the first clinical syndrome identified as being related…
518 Citations
Insulin-resistance in paediatric age: Its magnitude and implications
- Medicine, BiologyWorld journal of diabetes
- 2022
The magnitude, implications, diagnosis, and treatment of IR in children is discussed, crucial to understanding the possible cardiovascular risk, specifically in high-risk races or ethnic groups.
[Obesity, adipogenesis and insulin resistance].
- Medicine, BiologyEndocrinologia y nutricion : organo de la Sociedad Espanola de Endocrinologia y Nutricion
- 2011
The delta9 fatty acid desaturation index as a predictor of metabolic disease.
- Medicine, BiologyClinical chemistry
- 2009
The development of new tests that focus on the early detection of insulin resistance could help identify at-risk patients so that the benefits of lifestyle and pharmacological interventions can be maximized and progression to overt metabolic disease can be prevented.
Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in the Early Phase of Type 2 Diabetes: Potential for Therapeutic Intervention
- Medicine, BiologyScandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum
- 2005
The PROACTIVE study will determine if the effects of improving insulin sensitivity and reducing inflammation will translate into clinical benefits and reduce the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes.
Antioxidants: do they have a role in the treatment of insulin resistance?
- MedicineThe Indian journal of medical research
- 2007
The scientific rationale for proposing the evaluation of antioxidants for insulin resistance is discussed, and an update of intervention studies is provided, with an emphasis on clinical trials, in which antioxidants have been tested.
Insulin action and resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes
- Medicine, BiologyNature Medicine
- 2017
This Perspective reviews alternate viewpoints and recent results on the temporal and mechanistic connections between hyperinsulinemia, obesity and insulin resistance and connects insulin resistance to extensive metabolic cross-talk between the liver, adipose tissue, pancreas and skeletal muscle.
Insulin resistance at the crossroads of metabolic syndrome: Systemic analysis using microarrays
- BiologyBiotechnology journal
- 2010
Findings in microarray analyses indicate that in the liver, genes involved in lipid synthesis and gluconeogenesis are increased in an animal model of insulin resistance that leads into liver steatosis and hyperglycemia and in muscle, overall gene expression is either decreased or unresponsive compared to that of insulin‐sensitive control human subjects or animals.
Quantification of Insulin Action in Human Subjects
- Medicine, BiologyTranslational Research Methods in Diabetes, Obesity, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- 2019
The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique is widely regarded as the reference method for determining whole-body insulin sensitivity andplementary techniques permit insulin action to be partitioned between major organs and broadened beyond glucose metabolism, e.g. to insulin lipid metabolism, vascular function.
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 65 REFERENCES
The kidney: an unwilling accomplice in syndrome X.
- MedicineAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation
- 1997
Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease
- MedicineDiabetes
- 1988
The possibility is raised that resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and hyperinsulinemia are involved in the etiology and clinical course of three major related diseases— NIDDM, hypertension, and CAD.
Reduced insulin secretion: an independent predictor of body weight gain.
- MedicineThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
- 1995
It is concluded that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are unlikely to play a causal role in the development of obesity, and that relatively reduced insulin secretion is a marker of an increased risk of weight gain in this population of Pima Indians.
Prevalence of insulin resistance and associated cardiovascular disease risk factors among normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals.
- Medicine, BiologyMetabolism: clinical and experimental
- 2004
Use of Metabolic Markers To Identify Overweight Individuals Who Are Insulin Resistant
- MedicineAnnals of Internal Medicine
- 2003
The prevalence of insulin resistance is increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, essential hypertension, and CVD and that insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia have been shown to be independent predictors of all 3 clinical syndromes.
Differences in insulin resistance do not predict weight loss in response to hypocaloric diets in healthy obese women.
- MedicineThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
- 1999
It is concluded that the ability to lose weight on a calorie-restricted diet over a short time period does not vary in obese, healthy women as a function of insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia.
Profound Peripheral Insulin Resistance, Independent of Obesity, in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- Medicine, BiologyDiabetes
- 1989
PCO women have significant insulin resistance that is independent of obesity, changes in body composition, and impairment of glucose tolerance, and PCO is associated with a unique disorder of insulin action.
Effects of weight reduction on obesity. Studies of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in normal and hyperlipoproteinemic subjects.
- MedicineThe Journal of clinical investigation
- 1974
Considerable controversy exists over the purported role of obesity in causing hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance; and the potential beneficial effects of weight…
The metabolic syndrome or the insulin resistance syndrome? Different names, different concepts, and different goals.
- MedicineEndocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
- 2004
Insulin resistance as a predictor of age-related diseases.
- MedicineThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
- 2001
The fact that an age-related clinical event developed in approximately 1 out of 3 healthy individuals in the upper tertile of insulin resistance at baseline, followed for an average of 6 yr, whereas no clinical events were observed in the most insulin-sensitive tertile, should serve as a strong stimulus to further efforts to define the role of insulin Resistance in the genesis of age- related diseases.