The influence of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality

@article{Gaynor2018TheIO,
  title={The influence of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality},
  author={Kaitlyn M. Gaynor and Cheryl Ellen Hojnowski and Neil H. Carter and Justin S. Brashares},
  journal={Science},
  year={2018},
  volume={360},
  pages={1232 - 1235}
}
Nocturnal refuge As the human population grows, there are fewer places for animals to live out their lives independently of our influence. Given our mostly diurnal tendencies, one domain that remains less affected by humans is the night. Gaynor et al. found that across the globe and across mammalian species—from deer to coyotes and from tigers to wild boar—animals are becoming more nocturnal (see the Perspective by Benítez-López). Human activities of all kinds, including nonlethal pastimes such… Expand
View on Science
escholarship.org
312 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
11
Background Citations
66
Results Citations
5

Topics from this paper

      312 Citations

      Citation Type

      Citation Type

      Response to short-lived human overcrowding by free-ranging dogs
      TLDR
      It is shown that a sudden surge in human footfall negatively impacts a highly urban-adapted animal, the free-ranging dogs, and sudden human-induced perturbations can impact even those animals that are considered highly adapted to urban conditions. Expand
      Black bears alter movements in response to anthropogenic features with time of day and season
      TLDR
      It is found that black bears in Massachusetts are operating in a landscape of fear and are altering their movement patterns to use developed areas when human activity is low, and seasonal and diel differences among individual bears in resource selection during movement are found. Expand
      Evaluation of Human Disturbance on the Activity of Medium–Large Mammals in Myanmar Tropical Forests
      The effects of human disturbance represent one of the major threats for wildlife conservation. Many studies have shown that wildlife avoids or reduces direct contact with human activities through… Expand
      Diel cycle in a farmland bird is shaped by contrasting predation and human pressures
      TLDR
      Analysis of patterns of activity, space and habitat use, and causes of variations during the diel cycle of the grey partridge, a farmland bird facing multiple risks (nocturnal predation, diurnal hunting pressure), finds space use differences between surviving, hunted and predated birds. Expand
      Response to sudden surge in human movement by an urban-adapted animal.
      TLDR
      A decline in both the abundance of dogs and behavioural activities was seen with the increase in human movement and reinstated behavioural activity but non-restoration of population abundance, providing important evidence on the extent to which humans influence the behaviour of free-ranging dogs in urban environments. Expand
      Mammals adjust diel activity across gradients of urbanization
      TLDR
      A temporal resource selection model is formulated to quantify the diel behavior of eight mammal species across ten U.S. cities and suggests that urban mammals may use time along the 24-hour cycle to reduce risk, adapt, and therefore persist in human-dominated ecosystems. Expand
      The ecology of human–carnivore coexistence
      TLDR
      This work brings together long-term demographic and behavioral data on one of the worlds’ most conflict-prone species, the brown bear, to quantify the mechanisms facilitating human–carnivore coexistence, and suggests that connected wilderness is critical to sustain coexistence landscapes. Expand
      Avoidance or Coexistence? The Spatiotemporal Patterns of Wild Mammals in a Human-dominated Landscape in the Western Himalaya
      Human–wildlife interfaces are increasing rapidly due to the disproportionate growth of human and wildlife populations in a spatial context. The Himalayan system, a global biodiversity hotspot, is… Expand
      The Intersection of Human Disturbance and Diel Activity, with Potential Consequences on Trophic Interactions
      TLDR
      Human use of reserves, especially in high population density regions, needs to be reconsidered either to reduce access or to restrict access entirely to areas that may provide refuge to both predators and prey. Expand
      Increased mammal nocturnality in agricultural landscapes results in fragmentation due to cascading effects.
      Abstract Landscape conversion to agriculture is the primary cause for habitat loss worldwide. As partial mitigation, agricultural landscapes may be designated as ecological corridors due to their… Expand
      ...
      1
      2
      3
      4
      5
      ...

      References

      SHOWING 1-10 OF 122 REFERENCES
      Eld’s Deer Translocated to Human-Inhabited Areas Become Nocturnal
      TLDR
      Monitoring of Hainan Eld’s deer living within a reserve and translocated animals living amongst villagers shows that translocated deer deviated from a crepuscular activity pattern and became increasingly nocturnal, and most active when villagers were not. Expand
      The influence of periodic increases of human activity on crepuscular and nocturnal mammals: Testing the weekend effect
      TLDR
      The findings indicate that as the temporal overlap increases between wildlife and humans, so does the influence that humans have on wildlife. Expand
      Moving in the Anthropocene: Global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements
      TLDR
      Using a unique GPS-tracking database of 803 individuals across 57 species, it is found that movements of mammals in areas with a comparatively high human footprint were on average one-half to one-third the extent of their movements in area with a low human footprint. Expand
      The Impact of Human Traffic on the Abundance and Activity Periods of Sumatran Rain Forest Wildlife
      TLDR
      This study examined the impact of intense human traffic on the behavior and ecology of resident wildlife in a tropical rain forest using the recently developed technique of camera-trapping. Expand
      The influence of human disturbance on occupancy and activity patterns of mammals in the Italian Alps from systematic camera trapping
      TLDR
      It is revealed that human disturbance plays a significant role in influencing species-specific detection probability, while there is little evidence of significant relationship between occupancy and anthropogenic disturbance. Expand
      Seasonality and human disturbance alter brown bear activity patterns: implications for circumpolar carnivore conservation?
      Wildlife may adapt activity patterns to daily and seasonal variations in environmental factors and human activity. At the daily scale, diurnal or nocturnal activity can be a response to variations in… Expand
      Coping with human disturbance: spatial and temporal tactics of the brown bear (Ursus arctos)
      TLDR
      As expected, females selected habitats within their home range that provided abundant food resources and minimized human-caused disturbance, and the temporal analysis of habitat selection revealed an avoidance of disturbed areas and a selection of slopes by bears dur... Expand
      Human impact on wolf activity in the Bieszczady Mountains, SE Poland
      Human activity is sometimes seen as the reason for nocturnal activity of wolves (Canis lupus). We tested this assumption in the Bieszczady Mountains (southeastern Poland), a region with a human… Expand
      Habitat use under predation risk: hunting, roads and human dwellings influence the spatial behaviour of roe deer
      Wildlife populations are subjected to increasing pressure linked to human activities, which introduce multiple stressors. Recently, in addition to direct effects, it has been shown that indirect… Expand
      Individual flexibility in nocturnal activity reduces risk of road mortality for an urban carnivore
      TLDR
      The results suggest that risk of vehicle collision is lower for coyotes that restrict the times at which they cross roads but some coyotes do not or cannot, and behavioral flexibility to adapt to the timing of human activity relative to exogenous cues may contribute to differences both among and within wildlife species in rates of coexistence with humans. Expand
      ...
      1
      2
      3
      4
      5
      ...