The history of Toll-like receptors — redefining innate immunity

@article{ONeill2013TheHO,
  title={The history of Toll-like receptors — redefining innate immunity},
  author={Luke A. J. O’Neill and Douglas T. Golenbock and Andrew G. Bowie},
  journal={Nature Reviews Immunology},
  year={2013},
  volume={13},
  pages={453-460}
}
The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) was an important event for immunology research and was recognized as such with the awarding of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Jules Hoffmann and Bruce Beutler, who, together with Ralph Steinman, the third winner of the 2011 Nobel Prize and the person who discovered the dendritic cell, were pioneers in the field of innate immunity. TLRs have a central role in immunity — in this Timeline article, we describe the landmark findings that… 
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1,408 Citations

Of Flies and Men—The Discovery of TLRs

The discoveries leading up to the publications of Beutler and Hoffmann are collected, taking a close look at how early advances in both developmental biology and immunology converged into the research awarded with the Nobel Prize.

Innate Immune Receptors.

The different families of PRRs, their signalling pathways, cross-regulation and their roles in immunosurveillance are introduced and the structure and function of NLRs are discussed with particular focus on the non-inflammasome NLRs.

TLR4 in Atherogenesis: Paying the Toll for Antimicrobial Defense.

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Microbial-Derived Toll-like Receptor Agonism in Cancer Treatment and Progression

The aim of this review is to draw attention to the effects of TLR stimulation in cancer, the activation of various TLRs by microbes in different types of tumors, and, finally, the role of TLRs in anti-cancer immunity and tumor rejection.

Toll-Like Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in the Era of Immunotherapies

A perspective on TLR-based therapeutics is offered that sheds light on their usefulness and on combination therapies and highlights various therapeutics that are in the discovery phase or in clinical trials.

Modulation of Toll-like receptor signaling in innate immunity by natural products.

Natural Products with Toll-Like Receptor 4 Antagonist Activity

Molecules obtained by natural sources have been discovered to exert an anti-inflammatory action by targeting TLR4 activation pathways, and this review focuses onTLR4 antagonists obtained from bacteria, cyanobacteria, and plants.

TLRs Go Linear - On the Ubiquitin Edge.

Novel drugs targeting Toll-like receptors for antiviral therapy.

Recent advances in TLR biology are explored with a focus on novel drugs that target TLRs (agonists and antagonists) for antiviral therapy.

TLRs/NLRs: Shaping the landscape of host immunity

The critical roles of TLRs and NLRs in the regulation of host immune-effector functions such as cytokine production, phagosome-lysosome fusion, inflammasome activation, autophagy, antigen presentation, and B and T cell immune responses that are known to be essential for mounting a protective immune response against the pathogens are discussed.
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