The green fluorescent protein.

@article{Tsien1998TheGF,
  title={The green fluorescent protein.},
  author={Roger Tsien},
  journal={Annual review of biochemistry},
  year={1998},
  volume={67},
  pages={
          509-44
        }
}
  • R. Tsien
  • Published 1 July 1998
  • Biology
  • Annual review of biochemistry
In just three years, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria has vaulted from obscurity to become one of the most widely studied and exploited proteins in biochemistry and cell biology. Its amazing ability to generate a highly visible, efficiently emitting internal fluorophore is both intrinsically fascinating and tremendously valuable. High-resolution crystal structures of GFP offer unprecedented opportunities to understand and manipulate the relation between… 
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References

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We have cloned six fluorescent proteins homologous to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria. Two of these have spectral characteristics dramatically different from GFP, emitting…
Photoactivation turns green fluorescent protein red
Crystal Structure of the Aequorea victoria Green Fluorescent Protein
The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the Pacific Northwest jellyfish Aequorea victoria has generated intense interest as a marker for gene expression and localization of gene products. The…
GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN
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TLDR
This demonstration indicated that GFP could be used as a marker of gene expression and protein localization in living and fixed tissues and variations with more intense fluorescence or alterations in the excitation and emission spectra have been produced.
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Thermosensitivity of green fluorescent protein fluorescence utilized to reveal novel nuclear-like compartments in a mutant nucleoporin NSP1.
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Proteins synthesized at a low temperature retained their fluorescence despite a shift to a higher temperature, and when a temperature-sensitive nsp1 mutant expressing GFP-nucleoplasmin was cultured at 23 degrees C and then shifted to 35 degrees C, this protein accumulated in novel nuclear-like compartments devoid of DNA.
Red-Shifted Excitation Mutants of the Green Fluorescent Protein
Using optimized combinatorial mutagenisis techniques and digital imaging Spectroscopy (DIS), we have insulated mutants of the cloned Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP)that show…
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TLDR
The availability of two visibly distinct colors should significantly extend the usefulness of GFP in molecular and cell biology by enabling in vivo visualization of differential gene expression and protein localization and measurement of protein association by fluorescence resonance energy transfer.
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TLDR
A mutant of GFP with a significantly larger extinction coefficient for excitation at 488 nm with a re-engineered GFP gene sequence containing codons preferentially found in highly expressed human proteins yield an enhanced GFP which provides greater sensitivity in most systems.
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