The good, the bad and the ugly – three approaches to management of human waste in a high-mountain environment

@article{Apollo2017TheGT,
  title={The good, the bad and the ugly – three approaches to management of human waste in a high-mountain environment},
  author={Michal Apollo},
  journal={International Journal of Environmental Studies},
  year={2017},
  volume={74},
  pages={129 - 158}
}
  • M. Apollo
  • Published 2 January 2017
  • Environmental Science
  • International Journal of Environmental Studies
Abstract Each year, millions of mountaineers visit high-mountain areas. They generate tonnes of faeces and cubic hectometres of urine annually. Thus, proper disposal of human waste is important for the conservation and appropriate management of high-mountain areas. The management can address the issue in three ways: the good (complete/non-invasive); the bad (partial/superficial); and the ugly (invasive). With use of those categories, 20 selected summits from different parts of the world have… 
View on Taylor & Francis
18 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
1
Background Citations
3
Results Citations
1

18 Citations

Environmental Pollution Causes by Mountaineering Activity
Environmental pollution is the unfavourable alteration of our surroundings, wholly or largely as a by-product of human actions that can adversely affect human health, living nature, climate, water…
Mountaineering and the natural environment in developing countries: an insight to a comprehensive approach
ABSTRACT Mountaineering, broadly defined as hiking, trekking and climbing, is nowadays a mass phenomenon. Sensitive to outside influences, the environment of high mountain areas, until recently cut…
Whitewater Ecotourism Development In Bhutan: Opportunities And Challenges for Local Communities
Whitewater raft and kayak ecotourism can provide environmental, social-cultural, and economic benefits and opportunities to local communities, but can also result in respective challenges. Globally,…
Environmental Impacts of Mountaineering: A Conceptual Framework
This book investigates the consequences of mountaineering (hiking, trekking, climbing) on the natural environment. These consequences are divided into three groups: (1) transformations caused by the…
Is open defaecation in outdoor recreation and camping areas a public health issue in Australia? A literature review
TLDR
A literature review was conducted to determine if open defaecation is a public health issue in outdoor recreation and camping areas in Australia and recommend investigating barriers and enablers motivating human disposal waste in these settings to help formulate health promotion content.
Does the altitude of habitat influence residents' attitudes to guests? A new dimension in the residents’ attitudes to tourism
Hinduism, Ecological Conservation, and Public Health: What Are the Health Hazards for Religious Tourists at Hindu Temples?
This exploratory ethnographic study aims to understand the visitation experience and to identify health hazards at pilgrimage sites in India. Specifically, this research aims to assess the tourism…
Synergies and Trade-offs between Sanitation and the Sustainable Development Goals
To better leverage opportunities arising out of sustainable and inclusive management of sanitation services there is a need for robust and comprehensive evidence of the wide ranging benefits that…
Identification of landing sites for rescue helicopters in mountains with use of Geographic Information Systems
  • P. Kroh
  • Environmental Science
    Journal of Mountain Science
  • 2020
TLDR
The analysis demonstrated that GIS tools are useful in pre-planning of rescue missions, and also showed that such data must be kept up-to-date and in-field verification is needed continuously, the more so as it plays an important role in ensuring the safety of rescuers and victims.
Skiing, Snowboarding, and Snowshoeing
  • T. Stott
  • Environmental Science
    Outdoor Recreation
  • 2019
This chapter first defines some of the different disciplines of skiing (alpine, Nordic, telemark, ski mountaineering), snowboarding, and snowshoeing. It then examines snow sport competition before…
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 117 REFERENCES
Impacts of nutrient additions and digging for human waste disposal in natural environments, Tasmania, Australia.
Solid Waste and Water Quality Management Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal
Abstract The problem of supporting decision- and policy-makers in managing issues related to solid waste and water quality was addressed within the context of a participatory modeling framework in…
The Characterization of Feces and Urine: A Review of the Literature to Inform Advanced Treatment Technology
TLDR
Variation in the volume and composition of urine is caused by differences in physical exertion, environmental conditions, as well as water, salt, and high protein intakes, which should always be considered if the generation rate, physical, and chemical composition of feces and urine is to be accurately predicted.
Environmental impact assessment of mountain tourism in developing regions: A study in Ladakh, Indian Himalaya
Managing a Scarce Natural Resource: The High Altitude Mountaineering Setting.
This study identifies some characteristics of mountaineering visitors, climbers' perceptions of the mountain environment, and certain preferred management options affecting both the mountain…
Wildland Recreation and Human Waste: A Review of Problems, Practices, and Concerns
TLDR
Treatment of drinking water has become standard practice for most backcountry travel, and there is little evidence currently to suggest that the health hazard to humans is great enough to impose further regulation in areas currently using cat holes.
Assessing and Understanding Trail Degradation: Results from Big South Fork National River and Recreational Area
This report describes results from a comprehensive assessment of resource conditions on a large (24%) sample of the trail system within Big South Fork National River and Recreational Area (BSF).…
Tourism-Related Impacts on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: Implications for Tourism Management on Mountain Ecosystems
Waste disposal, trail erosion, water contamination and porter head loads were investigated on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, from 2003-2005. Generated waste was identified and quantified, trail erosion…
Climbing as a kind of human impact on the high mountain environment – based on the selected peaks of Seven Summits
For the last 40 years a significant increase in the number of high mountain climbers has been observed. It is connected with changing characteristics of the climbing activity and the climber’s…
Glacial Transport of Human Waste and Survival of Fecal Bacteria on Mt. McKinley's Kahiltna Glacier, Denali National Park, Alaska
Abstract Each year, over 1000 climbers attempt an ascent of Mt. McKinley via the West Buttress, located on the 77-km-long Kahiltna Glacier in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Climbers…
...
...