The generation and diversification of butterfly eyespot color patterns

@article{Brunetti2001TheGA,
  title={The generation and diversification of butterfly eyespot color patterns},
  author={Craig R. Brunetti and Jayne E Selegue and Ant{\'o}nia Monteiro and Vernon French and Paul M. Brakefield and Sean B. Carroll},
  journal={Current Biology},
  year={2001},
  volume={11},
  pages={1578-1585}
}
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247 Citations
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22
Background Citations
139
Methods Citations
18
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Mutants highlight the modular control of butterfly eyespot patterns
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Several developmental models are proposed, based on wing compartmentalization in Drosophila, that provide the first framework for thinking about the molecular evolution of butterfly wing pattern modularity.
Anterior–Posterior Patterning in Lepidopteran Wings
TLDR
A hitherto unrecognized mode of evolution of patterning in the Lepidoptera is revealed by surveying the frequency of color boundaries, tail development, and wing shape discontinuities across five major butterfly families: Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, and Riodinidae.
Color-Pattern Analysis of Eyespots in Butterfly Wings: A Critical Examination of Morphogen Gradient Models
  • J. Otaki
  • Environmental Science
    Zoological science
  • 2011
TLDR
Results indicate that each eyespot ring has independence and flexibility to a certain degree, which is less consistent with the single-morphogen model.
Comparative insights into questions of lepidopteran wing pattern homology
TLDR
Wingless and TGF-β ligands are both candidate morphogens involved in nymphalid butterfly eyespot formation and commonality suggests that they may be produced via the same developmental mechanism despite their non-homologous location.
Conserved roles of Distal-less and spalt in regulating butterfly melanic patterns
TLDR
It is concluded that both Dll and sal share a conserved role in promoting scale melanisation, across pierid and nymphalid butterflies, but are unlikely to be involved in differentiating spot centers.
Generation of Butterfly Wing Eyespot Patterns: A Model for Morphological Determination of Eyespot and Parafocal Element
TLDR
It is proposed that eyespots are fundamentally composed of dark rings and non-dark “background” spaces between them, and PFEs constitute a periodic continuum of eyespot dark rings; thus, a background space between the eyespot and a PFE is mechanistically equivalent to eyespot light rings.
Distal-less induces elemental color patterns in Junonia butterfly wings
TLDR
It is shown that ectopically expressed Dll induces ectopic elemental color patterns in the adult wings of the blue pansy butterfly, Junonia orithya, and suggests that Dll plays an instructive role in the development of color pattern elements in butterfly wings, although Dll alone may not be sufficient to induce a complete eyespot.
Developmental and genetic mechanisms for evolutionary diversification of serial repeats: eyespot size in Bicyclus anynana butterflies.
TLDR
This work uses micromanipulations of developing wings to dissect the contribution of different components of eyespot development to quantitative differences in eyespot size on one wing surface, and reports on the phenotypic analysis of a number of mutant stocks demonstrating how single alleles can affect different eyespots in concert or independently, and thus contribute to the individualization of serially repeated traits.
A release from developmental bias accelerates morphological diversification in butterfly eyespots
TLDR
It is shown that development can bias the evolutionary independence of traits, but it also shows how bias can be released through developmental innovations, thus, allowing rapid morphological change, facilitating evolutionary diversification.
Conserved developmental processes and the formation of evolutionary novelties: examples from butterfly wings
TLDR
It is discussed how eyespot mutants with disturbed embryonic development may help elucidate the genetic pathways involved in eyespot formation, and how venation mutants with altered eyespot patterns might shed light on mechanisms of eyespot development.
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