The fetal circulation

@article{Kiserud2004TheFC,
  title={The fetal circulation},
  author={Torvid Kiserud and Ganesh Acharya},
  journal={Prenatal Diagnosis},
  year={2004},
  volume={24}
}
Accumulating data on the human fetal circulation shows the similarity to the experimental animal physiology, but with important differences. The human fetus seems to circulate less blood through the placenta, shunt less through the ductus venosus and foramen ovale, but direct more blood through the lungs than the fetal sheep. However, there are substantial individual variations and the pattern changes with gestational age. The normalised umbilical blood flow decreases with gestational age, and… Expand
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Core Concepts: Fetal Cardiac Physiology
TLDR
The fetal myocardium and circulation differ from that of the adult in many important ways, and the fetus has unique methods to adapt to intrauterine stressors on the cardiovascular system. Expand
Placental Gas Exchange and the Oxygen Supply to the Fetus.
  • A. Carter
  • Biology, Medicine
  • Comprehensive Physiology
  • 2015
TLDR
The oxygen supply of the fetus depends on the blood oxygen content and flow rate in the uterine and umbilical arteries and the diffusing capacity of the placenta and the underlying mechanisms are a current focus of research. Expand
Clinical Significance of Ductus Venosus Waveform as Generated by Pressure-volume Changes in the Fetal Heart
TLDR
This review serves to improve the understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the blood flow redistribution between the fetal liver circulation and fetal heart and the clinical significance of the ductus venosus waveform as generated by pressure-volume changes in the fetal heart. Expand
Simulation and Analysis of Umbilical Blood Flow using Markov-based Mathematical Model
TLDR
Simulation results show that the umbilical artery blood flow velocity waveform depends on gestation age, fetal heart rate, uterine contraction and placental insufficiency, and the Doppler indices calculated from simulation helps in predicting both maternal abnormalities at various degrees of the conductivity to the blood flow passage. Expand
Multiscale modelling of the feto–placental vasculature
TLDR
A new anatomically based and multiscale approach to modelling the feto–placental circulation is presented, showing that normal asymmetry in shape does not affect placental efficiency, however, the size and number of small capillary vessels is predicted to have a large effect on feto-placenta resistance and flow heterogeneity. Expand
Noninvasive determination of the fetal cardiac interatrial pressure gradients by Doppler ultrasonography: preliminary results
  • C. Gürses, O. Erol, B. Karadağ, Mete Çağlar
  • Medicine
  • The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
  • 2019
TLDR
The interatrial and ducto-umbilical pressure gradients can be measured noninvasively in order to follow the hemodynamic of the fetal circulatory system. Expand
The role of blood flow distribution in the regulation of cerebral oxygen availability in fetal growth restriction.
TLDR
The model indicated that cerebral oxygen availability is increasingly dependent on the cardiac output distribution as the fetus gains weight, and the optimal ratio was found to increase as the hypoxic state of FGR worsens. Expand
Evaluation of fetal cerebrovascular circulation and brain development: the role of ultrasound and Doppler.
  • S. Degani
  • Medicine
  • Seminars in perinatology
  • 2009
TLDR
Anatomic and physiological considerations of cerebral vasculature in healthy and disease states are relevant in studying brain development and variations in fetal brain blood perfusion and the major role of ultrasound and Doppler modalities in the evaluation of fetal cerebrovascular circulation is enabled by implementation of these considerations. Expand
Inverse solution of the fetal-circulation model based on ultrasound Doppler measurements
TLDR
The model indicated significant increase in cardiac output distribution towards the brain and in the degree of blood shunted by the ductus venosus, indicating severe brain-sparing state in these fetuses. Expand
Inverse Solution of the Fetal-Circulation Model Based on Ultrasound Doppler Measurements
TLDR
In conclusion, patient-specific modeling may provide a reliable estimate of the important hemodynamic indices of the fetal circulation which may be clinically relevant for the management of FGR pregnancies. Expand
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