The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes.

@article{Lynch2000TheEF,
  title={The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes.},
  author={Michael Lynch and John S. Conery},
  journal={Science},
  year={2000},
  volume={290 5494},
  pages={
          1151-5
        }
}
Gene duplication has generally been viewed as a necessary source of material for the origin of evolutionary novelties, but it is unclear how often gene duplicates arise and how frequently they evolve new functions. Observations from the genomic databases for several eukaryotic species suggest that duplicate genes arise at a very high rate, on average 0.01 per gene per million years. Most duplicated genes experience a brief period of relaxed selection early in their history, with a moderate… 
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Highly Influential Citations
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Methods Citations
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4,165 Citations

The evolutionary demography of duplicate genes

The origin of a new function appears to be a very rare fate for a duplicate gene through the generation of microchromosomal rearrangements through reciprocal silencing of alternative copies, which can lead to the passive origin of post-zygotic reproductive barriers in descendant lineages of incipient species.

The evolution of gene duplicates.

Two Major Paths of Gene-Duplicates Evolution

"Two-stream" evolutionary pattern is revealed by the analysis of mutations in 2nd versus 3rd codon positions but not by the routinely used ratio of amino acid replacements (R) versus silent substitutions (S), i.e. the '2nd vs. 3rd' metric proved to be more resolving than the traditional 'R vs. S' metric.

The early stages of duplicate gene evolution

Analysis of recently duplicated genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome reveals significantly reduced species-wide levels of nucleotide polymorphisms in the progenitor and/or duplicate gene copies, suggesting that selective sweeps accompany the initial stages of the evolution of these duplicated gene pairs.

The Ghost of Selection Past: Rates of Evolution and Functional Divergence of Anciently Duplicated Genes

An increase in evolutionary rate in about half of the duplicated genes seems to suggest that either positive Darwinian selection has occurred or that functional constraints have been relaxed at one point in time during functional divergence.

Birth and death of duplicated genes in completely sequenced eukaryotes.

Genome evolution: The infancy of duplicate genes

Using population genomics of the mustard Arabidopsis thaliana and its close relative A. lyrata, Moore and Purugganan (2003) investigated recent gene duplicates and discovered a prominent nurturing role for Darwinian selection.

Gene duplication as a mechanism of genomic adaptation to a changing environment

  • F. Kondrashov
  • Biology
    Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
  • 2012
The identification of copy-number variation in ecological field studies of species adapting to stressful or novel environmental conditions may improve the understanding of gene duplication as a mechanism of adaptation and its relevance to the long-term persistence of gene duplications.

Neofunctionalization of young duplicate genes in Drosophila

An approach for comparing genome-wide expression profiles of closely related species to disentangle the evolutionary forces operating on duplicate genes reveals that nearly all duplicates are retained by the evolution of a novel function in one copy, and illustrates how duplicates become incorporated into novel functional networks over evolutionary time.

Adaptive evolution of young gene duplicates in mammals.

It is found that a high proportion of young gene duplicates in the human, macaque, mouse, and rat genomes have experienced adaptive natural selection, larger than any reported amount of selection among single-copy genes in these lineages using similar methods.
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References

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