The evolution of brain activation during temporal processing

@article{Rao2001TheEO,
  title={The evolution of brain activation during temporal processing},
  author={Stephen M. Rao and Andrew R. Mayer and Deborah L. Harrington},
  journal={Nature Neuroscience},
  year={2001},
  volume={4},
  pages={317-323}
}
Timing is crucial to many aspects of human performance. To better understand its neural underpinnings, we used event-related fMRI to examine the time course of activation associated with different components of a time perception task. We distinguished systems associated with encoding time intervals from those related to comparing intervals and implementing a response. Activation in the basal ganglia occurred early, and was uniquely associated with encoding time intervals, whereas cerebellar… 
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Formulating representations of time: an event-related fMRI study
TLDR
The neural underpinnings of temporal cognition were studied by distinguishing brain activation related to encoding time intervals from activation associated with discriminating intervals, and the striatum and right inferior parietal cortex in clock processes and the medial temporal lobes in encoding and retrieval of interval representations were implicated.
Representation of time intervals in the right posterior parietal cortex: Implications for a mental time line
Neural representation of interval encoding and decision making.
Accumulation of neural activity in the posterior insula encodes the passage of time
Cerebro-cerebellar Interactions Underlying Temporal Information Processing
TLDR
The involvement of cerebro-cerebellar interactions may provide supportive evidence that temporal information processing relies on the simulation of timing information through feed-forward computation in the cerebellum.
Different Brain Circuits Underlie Motor and Perceptual Representations of Temporal Intervals
TLDR
The findings point to a role for the parietal cortex as an interface between sensory and motor processes and suggest that it may be a key node in translation of temporal information into action, and discuss the potential importance of the extrastriate cortex in processing visual time in the context of recent findings.
Effect of task difficulty on the functional anatomy of temporal processing
Timing of cortical activation: a latency-resolved event-related functional MR imaging study.
TLDR
The onset of activation showed no direct correlation with the overall RTs of the subjects, leading one to suggest that the peripheral motor unit may have a greater impact on RT than the central contribution.
Functional Development of Fronto-Striato-Parietal Networks Associated with Time Perception
TLDR
Age-dependent developmentally dissociated neural networks for time discrimination are demonstrated, with progressive recruitment of later maturing left hemispheric and lateralized fronto-parieto-striato-thalamic networks known to mediate time discrimination in adults.
Neural networks engaged in milliseconds and seconds time processing: evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation and patients with cortical or subcortical dysfunction
TLDR
It is concluded that the contribution of these strongly interconnected anatomical structures in time processing is not fixed, depending not only on the duration of the time interval to be assessed by the brain, but also on the cognitive set, the chosen task and the stimulus modality.
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