The effect of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on metabolites of these carotenoids in the serum of persons aged 60 or older.

@article{Khachik2006TheEO,
  title={The effect of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on metabolites of these carotenoids in the serum of persons aged 60 or older.},
  author={Frederick Khachik and Fabiana F De Moura and Emily Y. Chew and Larry W. Douglass and Frederick L. Ferris and Jonghyeon Kim and Darby J. S. Thompson},
  journal={Investigative ophthalmology \& visual science},
  year={2006},
  volume={47 12},
  pages={
          5234-42
        }
}
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of lutein supplementation at doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mg/d for 6 months on distribution of these carotenoids and their metabolites in the serum of elderly human subjects, with and without age-related macular degeneration. [] Key MethodMETHODS Forty-five subjects received daily supplements of lutein (containing 5% zeaxanthin) for 6 months and were followed up for another 6 months after supplementation.
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Serum lutein and its dynamic changes during supplementation with lutein in Chinese subjects.
TLDR
The findings indicate that increasing the consumption of lutein-rich fruit and vegetables can be considered as a long-term, sustainable and safe approach to reach and maintain high serum levels of lUTEin.
Macular pigment response to a supplement containing meso-zeaxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin
TLDR
The data indicate that a supplement containing predominantly meso-zeaxanthin is generally effective at raising macular pigment density, and may turn out to be a useful addition to the defenses against AMD.
Long term effects of lutein, zeaxanthin and omega-3-LCPUFAs supplementation on optical density of macular pigment in AMD patients: the LUTEGA study
TLDR
The supplementation of L, Z, O-3-LCPUFAs and antioxidants resulted in considerable increase in MPOD, which results in an improvement and stabilization in BCVA in AMD patients, and it is believed that the used supplementation with L and Z seems to reach a saturation level in retinal cell structure.
Lutein and Zeaxanthin and Their Roles in Age-Related Macular Degeneration—Neurodegenerative Disease
Lutein and zeaxanthin belong to the xanthophyll family of carotenoids, which are pigments produced by plants. Structurally, they are very similar, differing only slightly in the arrangement of atoms.…
Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of Dehydrolutein with Lutein and Zeaxanthin, and their Effects on Cultured Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
TLDR
Overall, dehydrolutein is similar to lutein or zeaxanthin in the protection of lipids against photosensitized oxidation and the mechanism responsible for its lack of accumulation in ARPE-19 cells deserves further investigation.
Keto-carotenoids are the major metabolites of dietary lutein and fucoxanthin in mouse tissues.
TLDR
It is concluded that mice actively convert lutein and fucoxanthin to keto-carotenoids by oxidizing the secondary hydroxyl groups and accumulate them in tissues.
Lutein supplementation reduces plasma lipid peroxidation and C-reactive protein in healthy nonsmokers.
Increased consumption of dietary cholesterol, lutein, and zeaxanthin as egg yolks does not decrease serum concentrations and lipoprotein distribution of other carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols.
Supplementation with all three macular carotenoids: response, stability, and safety.
TLDR
Subjects supplemented with MZ, L, and Z exhibited significant increases in serum concentrations of these carotenoids and a subsequent increase in central MPOD, which confirmed that all variables remained within the normal reference range, with the exception of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which exhibited baseline values outside the acceptednormal reference range before supplementation.
Serum response to supplemental macular carotenoids in subjects with and without age-related macular degeneration
TLDR
The formulation containing all three macular carotenoids (Group 2 supplement) was the most efficacious in terms of achieving the highest combined concentration of the three MP constituent carotENoids in serum, thereby potentially optimising the bioavailability of these compounds for capture by the target tissue (retina).
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References

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TLDR
The qualitative and quantitative distributions of lutein, zeaxanthin, and their (E/Z)-isomers in the extracts from some of the most commonly consumed fruits, vegetables, and pasta products were determined by HPLC employing a silica-based nitrile-bonded column.
Lutein and zeaxanthin dietary supplements raise macular pigment density and serum concentrations of these carotenoids in humans.
TLDR
It remains to be demonstrated whether lutein or zeaxanthin dietary supplements reduce the incidence of AMD.
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TLDR
In the youngest age groups who were at risk for developing early or late age-related ARM, higher levels of lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet were related to lower odds for pigmentary abnormalities, one sign of early ARM.
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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