The current graphene safety landscape--a literature mining exercise.

@article{Bussy2015TheCG,
  title={The current graphene safety landscape--a literature mining exercise.},
  author={Cyrill Bussy and Dhifaf A Jasim and Neus Lozano and Daniel Terry and Kostas Kostarelos},
  journal={Nanoscale},
  year={2015},
  volume={7 15},
  pages={
          6432-5
        }
}
As for any novel nanomaterial, the development of applications and industrial adoption of graphene-based materials will be subject to the confirmation of their safety profile and risk assessment. The analysis performed here maps the current knowledge of the safety of graphene-based materials as extracted by a literature mapping exercise of studies investigating these materials in preclinical animal models. We attempt to identify gaps for future studies and elucidate the critically important… 

Figures from this paper

Graphene oxide derivatives for biomedical applications
TLDR
This review highlights the different types of graphene materials that have currently been studied in vivo by using various animal models and attempts to extensively address the pharmacological and toxicological implications from administration of/or exposure to such materials.
Handling and Risk Mitigation of Nanoscale Graphene and Related Materials: Some Considerations and Recommendations
The purpose of this communication is to put forward some considerations and recommendations while handling nanomaterials, especially graphene and its derivatives. A large graphene sheet is generally
nvestigation into the toxic effects of graphene nanopores on lung cancer cells nd biological tissues
TLDR
The results show that GNPs are likely to have a low bioavailability in SKMES-1 and A549 lung cancer cells and rats, and a more long-term GNPs exposure regime, more relevant to real-life environmental consequences, is needed to fully determine the transport capacities of GNPs in living systems.
Interaction of graphene-related materials with human intestinal cells: an in vitro approach.
TLDR
Graphene nanoplatelet aggregates led to low acute toxicity at high concentrations, indicating that aggregation, the number of layers or the C/O ratio have a more pronounced effect on the cell viability than the lateral size alone.
Safety concerns on graphene and 2D materials: a Flagship perspective
This is a specially commissioned editorial from the Graphene Flagship Work Package on Health and Environment. This editorial is part of the 2D Materials focus collection on 'Progress on the science
Graphene-based materials: The missing piece in nanomedicine?
  • T. A. Tabish
  • Biology
    Biochemical and biophysical research communications
  • 2018
Differential cytotoxic effects of graphene and graphene oxide on skin keratinocytes
TLDR
It is suggested that only high concentrations and long exposure times to FLG and GOs could impair mitochondrial activity associated with plasma membrane damage, suggesting low cytotoxic effects at the skin level.
Splenic Capture and In Vivo Intracellular Biodegradation of Biological-Grade Graphene Oxide Sheets
TLDR
It is shown that the thoroughly characterized GO materials are not associated with any detectable pathological consequences in the spleen, and direct evidence of in vivo intracellular biodegradation of GO sheets with ultrastructural precision is revealed.
Exposure to graphene nanoparticles induces changes in measures of vascular/renal function in a load and form-dependent manner in mice
TLDR
Exposure to graphene nanoparticles produced physiological and alterations in ROS and gene expression that may lead to cardiovascular dysfunction, and evidence indicates that the effects of these particles may be dependent upon dose and graphene form to which an individual may be exposed to.
...
1
2
3
4
5
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 14 REFERENCES
Nanotoxicity of graphene and graphene oxide.
TLDR
This review discusses recent results based on in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies of graphene-related materials and critically examines the methodologies employed to evaluate their toxicities.
Safety considerations for graphene: lessons learnt from carbon nanotubes.
TLDR
This Account attempts to offer a set of rules for the development of graphene and its derivatives to enhance their overall safety and minimize the risks for adverse reactions in humans from exposure.
Exploring the Interface of Graphene and Biology
TLDR
Three layers of complexity are outlined that need to be considered carefully in the development of graphene for use in biomedical applications: material characteristics; interactions with biological components (tissues, cells, and proteins); and biological activity outcomes.
Classification framework for graphene-based materials.
TLDR
Three physical-chemical properties of GBMs have been defined by the GRAPHENE Flagship Project of the European Union for the unequivocal classification of these materials (see grid).
Risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials: a review of available data and approaches from a regulatory perspective
TLDR
The aim of this paper is to discuss the state of the art in the area of the RA of nanomaterials, focusing on the available data and approaches, and recommend to further study the possibilities to apply complementary/alternative tools for near-term RA of ENMs in order to facilitate their timely regulation.
Nanotoxicology
TLDR
Despite the rapid development of nanotech-nology, information about the exposure of humans and the environment to Nano-sized particles is very few and the answer of questions about implications of the exposure to nanoparticles for humans andThe environment have not been sufficiently explained.
Asbestos-like pathogenicity of long carbon nanotubes alleviated by chemical functionalization.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered one of the most popular types of nanomaterials and in the last few years have gained tremendous interest in a wide range of applications due to their unique
Application of a quantitative weight of evidence approach for ranking and prioritising occupational exposure scenarios for titanium dioxide and carbon nanomaterials
Abstract Substantial limitations and uncertainties hinder the exposure assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). The present deficit of reliable measurements and models will inevitably lead in
"J."
however (for it was the literal soul of the life of the Redeemer, John xv. io), is the peculiar token of fellowship with the Redeemer. That love to God (what is meant here is not God’s love to men)
...
1
2
...