The clinical use of hypnotics: indications for use and the need for a variety of hypnotics
@article{Rickels1986TheCU, title={The clinical use of hypnotics: indications for use and the need for a variety of hypnotics}, author={Karl E. Rickels}, journal={Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica}, year={1986}, volume={74} }
ABSTRACT Insomnia may be categorized as difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakening, early awakenings or a combination of each. The ideal hypnotic must promote rapid sleep onset and maintain sleep throughout the night while allowing the patient to awake refreshed the following day. Several benzodiazepines, with differing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles are presently available. All are clinically effective and not only elimination half‐life but also dosage prescribed and pattern…
14 Citations
A Guide to Benzodiazepine Selection. Part II: Clinical Aspects
- Psychology, BiologyCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie
- 1991
To suit the specific needs of various clinical situations, selection of an appropriate benzodiazepine derivative should be based on consideration of their different pharmacokinetic and…
Discriminative-Stimulus Effects of Triazolam in Women and Men
- PsychologyThe American journal of drug and alcohol abuse
- 2006
The results of the present experiment suggest that women and men are not differentially sensitive to the behavioral effects of triazolam.
Comparison of Continuous versus Intermittent Administration of Zolpidem in Chronic Insomniacs: A Double-Blind, Randomized Pilot Study
- Medicine, PsychologyThe Journal of international medical research
- 1998
It is suggested that the efficacy and safety of zolpidem, 10 mg, are comparable whether the drug is administered every night or intermittently, and further studies with a broader well-defined patient base, are needed to confirm these data.
Estazolam and Flurazepam: A Multicenter, Placebo‐Controlled Comparative Study in Outpatients with Insomnia
- Psychology, MedicineJournal of clinical pharmacology
- 1990
Estazolam and flurazepam effectively, and comparably, relieved insomnia when administered for 7 nights in adult patients complaining of insomnia.
Development of subtype-selective GABAA receptor compounds for the treatment of anxiety, sleep disorders and epilepsy
- Biology, Psychology
- 2010
The continually evolving understanding of the structure and function of not only the GABAA receptor but also the variety of diverse binding sites that it harbours should continue to provide the molecular basis for designing strategies to selectively modulate the function of distinct subtypes of the GabAA receptor and thereby provide novel therapies for the treatment of anxiety, sleep disorders, and possibly also epilepsy.
Patterns and correlates of benzodiazepine use in nurses: A nationwide, population‐based study
- Psychology, MedicineInternational journal of mental health nursing
- 2018
The results indicated that nurses with BZD use had comorbidities of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders, and these can be used as references for stress and sleep management in nurses.
Les psychotropes et le vieillissement normal: une perspective psychosociale et socio-économique
- PsychologyCanadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement
- 1996
ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to examine the reaction (anxiety, depression, and helplessness) and adaptive strategies (problem-solving and emotion-reducing) of community-dwelling elderly,…
Discriminative and reinforcing effects of brotizolam in rhesus monkeys
- Biology, ChemistryPsychopharmacology
- 2005
Results from the present experiment suggest that brotizolam would have pentobarbital-like subjective effects, however, the abuse liability of brotIZolam may be lower than that for diazepam.
Medications and Impaired Driving
- Medicine, PsychologyThe Annals of pharmacotherapy
- 2014
This review of 30 studies identified findings with barbiturates, benzodiazepines, hypnotics, antidepressants, opioid and nonsteroidal analgesics, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, antiparkinsonian agents, skeletal muscle relaxants, antihistamines, anticholinergic medications, and hypoglycemic agents that were associated with measures of impaired driving performance.
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 45 REFERENCES
Pharmacology and Hypnotic Efficacy of Triazolam
- PsychologyPharmacotherapy
- 1983
Overall, triazolam is an effective and safe compound for the symptomatic treatment of insomnia complaints, making it the shortest acting benzodiazepine available in the United States.
Rebound Insomnia and Elimination Half‐Life: Assessment of Individual Subject Response
- PsychologyJournal of clinical pharmacology
- 1985
Previous reports using group mean values that demonstrate a frequent, immediate, and intense degree of rebound insomnia following abrupt withdrawal of relatively rapidly eliminated hypnotic drugs and an infrequent, delayed, and milder degree of sleep difficulty following withdrawal of slowly eliminated drugs are confirmed.
Flurazepam and temazepam in the treatment of insomnia in a general hospital population.
- Psychology, MedicinePharmacopsychiatry
- 1984
The results show no effect at all, neither the predicted interaction effect, nor any main effect, of the plasma elimination half-life of benzodiazepines, and the assessment methods used were unable to measure it.
Flurazepam and temazepam in the treatment of insomnia in a general hospital population
- Psychology, Medicine
- 1984
The results show no effect at all, neither the predicted interaction effect, nor any main effect, of the plasma elimination half-life of benzodiazepines, and the assessment methods used were unable to measure it.
Triazolam in insomniac family practice patients
- Psychology, MedicineClinical pharmacology and therapeutics
- 1975
Findings suggest that type and degree of emotional symptomatology may affect the response of insomniac patients to hypnotics, and triazolam emerged as an especially effective hypnotic for initially more depressed insomNIac patients.
Long‐Term Hypnotic Efficacy and Safety of Triazolam and Flurazepam
- Psychology, MedicineJournal of clinical pharmacology
- 1978
There was no tolerance development on either treatment and there were no deleterious effects attributable to either treatment as measured by the 35-Item Hopkins Symptom Checklist or by physical examinations, laboratory tests, ECGs, and ophthalmologic examinations.
Comparative hypnotic effects of flurazepam, triazolam, and placebo: a long-term simultaneous nighttime and daytime study.
- Psychology, MedicineJournal of clinical psychopharmacology
- 1984
Daytime testing revealed significantly decreased daytime alertness and decreased performance for flurazepam subjects during weeks 3 to 7, although these effects reverted toward baseline despite continued drug administration, suggesting that the onset of the rebound insomnia depended on the rate of drug washout.
Aspects of short-term use of two benzodiazepine hypnotics in the elderly.
- Psychology, MedicineAge and ageing
- 1982
Nitrazepam significantly impairs psychomotor performance after five days therapy and this effect was not seen after triazolam; if a benzodiazepine hypnotic is used in the elderly, a drug with a short elimination half-life is an advantage.
A comparison of temazepam and flurazepam in terms of sleep quality and residual changes in performance.
- PsychologyNeuropsychobiology
- 1984
It was found that for both sexes during each of the two consecutive 10-min periods of performance flurazepam produced highly significant residual impairments in both the speed of reaction and the accuracy of detection, while temzepam had no effect.
Double-blind evaluation of the safety and hypnotic efficacy of temazepam in insomniac outpatients.
- Psychology, MedicineBritish journal of clinical pharmacology
- 1979
Temazepam was more effective than placebo in reducing the difficulty of falling asleep and improving sleep maintenance and being more alert in the morning and for the entire day than with placebo.