The cannabis withdrawal syndrome

@article{Budney2006TheCW,
  title={The cannabis withdrawal syndrome},
  author={Alan J. Budney and John R Hughes},
  journal={Current Opinion in Psychiatry},
  year={2006},
  volume={19},
  pages={233–238}
}
Purpose of review The demand for treatment for cannabis dependence has grown dramatically. The majority of the people who enter the treatment have difficulty in achieving and maintaining abstinence from cannabis. Understanding the impact of cannabis withdrawal syndrome on quit attempts is of obvious importance. Cannabis, however, has long been considered a ‘soft’ drug, and many continue to question whether one can truly become dependent on cannabis. Skepticism is typically focused on whether… 
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333 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
21
Background Citations
133
Methods Citations
4
Results Citations
10

333 Citations

Pharmacological treatment of cannabis dependence.

TLDR
Results from controlled human laboratory studies and small open-label clinical trials suggest that dronabinol, the COMT inhibitor entacapone, and lithium may warrant further study and controlled clinical trials are needed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of these medications.

Clinical management of cannabis withdrawal

TLDR
The clinical significance of cannabis withdrawal is that its symptoms may precipitate relapse to cannabis use and complicated withdrawal may occur in people with concurrent mental health and polysubstance use.

The cannabis withdrawal syndrome: current insights

TLDR
The cannabis withdrawal syndrome (CWS) is a criterion of cannabis use disorders (CUDs) (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fifth Edition) and cannabis dependence (ICD]-10 and the up-to-date ICD-11 Beta Draft is recommended to be expanded by physical CWS symptoms, the specification of CWS intensity and duration as well as gender effects.

Potential Pharmacotherapies for Cannabis Dependence

TLDR
This chapter reviews data from recent research on cannabinoids that may be relevant for the development of pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence and assesses the effects of potential cannabis treatment medications on cannabinoid-related physiological, subjective, and reinforcing effects.

A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Cannabinoid Agonist Replacement Therapy for Cannabis Withdrawal Symptoms

TLDR
The findings demonstrate that the use of dronabinol, nabilone, or nabiximols, either alone or in combination with other drugs, shows promise in reducing cannabis withdrawal symptoms, probably with a dose-dependent effect.

Treatment of Cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome Using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Relapse Prevention for Cannabis Dependence

TLDR
It is suggested that weekly sessions of group cognitive-behavioral and motivational enhancement therapy may be useful for treatment of marijuana dependence and relapse prevention for cannabis use.

State of the art treatments for cannabis dependence.

Progress toward pharmacotherapies for cannabis-use disorder: an evidence-based review

TLDR
Evidence has shown a decrease in the age of commencement of cannabis use in some developed countries and a prolongation of risk of initiation to cannabis use beyond adolescence among more recent users.

An update on cannabis use disorder with comment on the impact of policy related to therapeutic and recreational cannabis use

TLDR
Current scientific data and clinical observation strongly support the contention that cannabis use, like the use of other substances such as alcohol, opioids, stimulants, and tobacco, can develop into a use disorder (addiction) with important clinical consequences.

Cannabis Withdrawal: a Review of Neurobiological Mechanisms and Sex Differences

TLDR
Pre-clinical and clinical research on the etiology and biological substrates of the cannabis withdrawal syndrome are provided, and females have been shown to have increased rate and severity of a subset of cannabis withdrawal symptoms compared with men.
...

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