The blood–brain-barrier in multiple sclerosis: Functional roles and therapeutic targeting

@article{Correale2007TheBI,
  title={The blood–brain-barrier in multiple sclerosis: Functional roles and therapeutic targeting},
  author={Jorge Correale and Andr{\'e}s Mar{\'i}a Villa},
  journal={Autoimmunity},
  year={2007},
  volume={40},
  pages={148 - 160}
}
In most regions of the central nervous system (CNS), the composition of the neuronal microenvironment is maintained by virtue of particular blood–brain-barrier (BBB) characteristics, to which vascular endothelial cells (ECs) contribute an important role. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS, characterized at tissue level by multifocal perivascular infiltrates, predominantly of lymphocytes and macrophages. Thus, lymphocyte recruitment into the brain across… 
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106 Citations

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Current knowledge of BBB cellular components, the multistep process of inflammatory cells crossing the BBB, functions of CNS‐derived chemokines, and in vitro BBB models for transmigration are summarized, with a particular focus on new and recent findings.
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The structure and function of the BBB is summarised, the physical barrier formed by the endothelial tight junctions, and the transport barrier resulting from membrane transporters and vesicular mechanisms are described.
Factors controlling permeability of the blood–brain barrier
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A better understanding of the factors controlling BBB permeability helps develop novel pharmacological interventions of BBB hyperpermeability under pathological conditions.
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Current knowledge of BBB cellular components and the multistep process of inflammatory cells crossing the BBB in physiological conditions are introduced, and their biological mechanisms to cross theBBB in pathological conditions in representative neurological autoimmune diseases are summarized.
Neurovascular Unit: a Focus on Pericytes
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The neurovascular unit composition and the interplay between the diverse components, addressing pericytes with a particular detail are reviewed, addressing this cells with a great potential for therapy.
Structure and function of the blood–brain barrier
The Blood–Brain Barrier in Neuroinflammation
TLDR
An update of the biology of the cell comprising the blood–brain barrier is described, and the pathology and pathomechanisms of BBB breakdown in neuroinflammatory diseases are highlighted.
The blood–brain barrier in health and disease
TLDR
This review discusses the cellular and molecular composition of the blood–brain barrier and how the development and function of the BBB is regulated by interactions with the CNS microenvironment.
Acting centrally or peripherally: A renewed interest in the central nervous system penetration of disease-modifying drugs in multiple sclerosis.
A Role for Neutrophil Recruitment? Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity through TNF: Central Nervous System Infiltration and Meningeal Mast Cells Affect Early T Cell
TLDR
It is demonstrated that a dense population of resident mast cells in the meninges, structures surrounding the brain and spinal cord, regulate basal CNS barrier function, facilitating initial T cell CNS entry and proposed that neutrophils in turn promote the blood-brain barrier breach and together with T cells lead to further inflammatory cell in flux and myelin damage.
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