The Status of the World's Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge

@article{Schipper2008TheSO,
  title={The Status of the World's Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge},
  author={Jan Schipper and Janice S. Chanson and Federica Chiozza and Neil A Cox and Michael Hoffmann and Vineet Katariya and John F. Lamoreux and Ana S. L. Rodrigues and Simon N. Stuart and Helen J. Temple and J. E. M. Baillie and Luigi Boitani and Thomas E. Lacher and Russell A. Mittermeier and Andrew T. Smith and Daniel Absolon and John M. Aguiar and Giovanni Amori and Noura Bakkour and Ricardo Baldi and Richard J. Berridge and Jon Bielby and Patricia Ann Black and Julian Blanc and Thomas M. Brooks and James A. Burton and Thomas M Butynski and Gianluca Catullo and Roselle E. Chapman and Zoe Cokeliss and Ben Collen and J. W. H. Conroy and Justin G. Cooke and Gustavo A B da Fonseca and Andrew E. Derocher and Holly T. Dublin and John W. Duckworth and Louise. Emmons and Richard Emslie and Marco Festa‐Bianchet and Matt Foster and Sabrina Nicole Foster and David L. Garshelis and Cormack C. Gates and Mariano Gimenez-Dixon and Susana Gonz{\'a}lez and Jos{\'e} F. Gonz{\'a}lez-Maya and Tatjana C. Good and Geoffrey A. Hammerson and Philip S. Hammond and D. C. D. Happold and Meredith Happold and J. N. Hare and Richard B. Harris and Clare E. Hawkins and Mandy Haywood and Lawrence R Heaney and Simon Hedges and Kristofer M. Helgen and Craig Hilton‐Taylor and Syed Ainul Hussain and Nobuo Ishii and Thomas A Jefferson and Richard K. B. Jenkins and Charlotte Johnston and Mark Keith and Jonathan Kingdon and David Knox and Kit M. Kovacs and Penny F. Langhammer and Kristin Leus and Rebecca L. Lewison and Gabriela Lichtenstein and Lloyd F. Lowry and Zoe Macavoy and Georgina M. Mace and David P. Mallon and Monica Masi and Meghan W. McKnight and Rodrigo A. Medell{\'i}n and Patr{\'i}cia Medici and Gus Mills and Patricia D. Moehlman and Sanjay Molur and Arturo Mora and Kristin Nowell and John F Oates and Wanda Olech and William L. R. Oliver and Monik Oprea and Bruce D. Patterson and William Perrin and Beth A. Polidoro and Caroline M. Pollock and Abigail Powel and Yelizaveta Protas and Paul A. Racey and Jim Ragle and Pavithra Ramani and Galen B. Rathbun and Randall R. Reeves and Stephen B. Reilly and John Elliott Reynolds and Carlo Rondinini and Ruth Grace Rosell-Ambal and Monica Rulli and Anthony B. Rylands and Simona Savini and Cody Schank and Wes Sechrest and Caryn Self-Sullivan and Alan H. Shoemaker and Claudio Sillero-Zubiri and Naamal De Silva and David E. Smith and Chelmala Srinivasulu and P. J. Stephenson and Nico van Strien and Bibhab Kumar Talukdar and Barbara L. Taylor and Robert J. Timmins and Diego G. Tirira and Marcelo F. Tognelli and Katerina Tsytsulina and L. M. Wallace R.B. Martinez J. Veiga and J. Christophe Vi{\'e} and Elizabeth A. Williamson and Sarah A. Wyatt and Yan Xie and Bruce E. Young},
  journal={Science},
  year={2008},
  volume={322},
  pages={225 - 230}
}
Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. [] Key Result Data, compiled by 1700+ experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for land and marine species but suggest common mechanisms driving diversity and endemism across systems.
View on AAAS
dspace.stir.ac.uk
1,346 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
42
Background Citations
474
Methods Citations
54
Results Citations
11

1,346 Citations

Conservation of the world’s mammals: status, protected areas, community efforts, and hunting
Mammals are imperiled worldwide. Threats to terrestrial species are primarily from habitat loss or modification, and in some instances from commercial, illegal, or unregulated hunting. Terrestrial…
Marine mammals of Mexico: Richness patterns, protected areas, and conservation trends
Marine reptiles, birds and mammals and nutrient transfers among the seas and the land: An appraisal of current knowledge
Extinction risk and conservation of the world’s sharks and rays
TLDR
Overall chondrichthyan extinction risk is substantially higher for sharks, rays, and chimaeras than for most other vertebrates, and only one-third of species are considered safe.
Drivers and hotspots of extinction risk in marine mammals
TLDR
This paper used powerful machine-learning and spatial-modeling approaches to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of marine mammal extinction risk, and used this information to predict risk across all marine mammals, including IUCN “Data Deficient” species.
Freshwater crabs and the biodiversity crisis: Importance, threats, status, and conservation challenges
Spatially Explicit Trends in the Global Conservation Status of Vertebrates
TLDR
The contribution of regions and countries towards recent global trends in vertebrate conservation status (as measured by the Red List Index) is quantified, to guide action towards the 2020 target of reducing global rates of biodiversity loss.
The Impact of Conservation on the Status of the World’s Vertebrates
TLDR
Though the threat of extinction is increasing, overall declines would have been worse in the absence of conservation, and current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups.
Biases in the current knowledge of threat status in lizards, and bridging the ‘assessment gap’
Migratory marine species: their status, threats and conservation management needs
TLDR
Existing management frameworks do not yet contribute sufficiently to MMS conservation, MPA networks need to be expanded to capture key areas, in many cases through the application of new dynamic management techniques such as time area closures.
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 111 REFERENCES
Phylogenetic trees and the future of mammalian biodiversity
TLDR
It is argued that aiming to maximize long-term evolutionary responses is inappropriate, that conservation planning needs to consider costs as well as benefits, and that proactive conservation of largely intact systems should be part of a balanced strategy.
Global Mammal Conservation: What Must We Manage?
TLDR
A new global database and complementarity analysis for selecting priority areas for conservation shows that ∼11% of Earth's land surface should be managed for conservation to preserve at least 10% of terrestrial mammal geographic ranges.
Persistence of Large Mammal Faunas as Indicators of Global Human Impacts
TLDR
It is estimated that less than 21% of the earth's terrestrial surface still contains all of the large (>20 kg) mammals it once held, with the proportion varying between 68% in Australasia to only 1% in Indomalaya.
Priorities for the Conservation of Mammalian Diversity. Has the Panda Had Its Day?
TLDR
This chapter discusses the role of Transfrontier Conservation Areas in southern Africa in the conservation of mammalian biodiversity, and the challenges and opportunities facing conservation of large mammals in Africa.
Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation
TLDR
The authors discuss the wider conservation relevance of EBAs, including why birds are good indicators of biodiversity, and how EBAs can be used effectively to influence policy-makers.
Mammals on the EDGE: Conservation Priorities Based on Threat and Phylogeny
TLDR
A simple index is defined that measures the contribution made by different species to phylogenetic diversity and how the index might contribute towards species-based conservation priorities and suggests that global conservation priorities may have to be reassessed in order to prevent a disproportionately large amount of mammalian evolutionary history becoming extinct in the near future.
Global mammal distributions, biodiversity hotspots, and conservation
TLDR
A global examination of distributions of all nonmarine mammals to determine patterns of species richness, endemism, and endangerment, and to evaluate the degree of congruence among hotspots of these three measures of diversity in mammals found it necessary to assign global conservation priorities based on hotspots.
A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems
TLDR
An ecosystem-specific, multiscale spatial model is developed to synthesize 17 global data sets of anthropogenic drivers of ecological change for 20 marine ecosystems and indicates that no area is unaffected by human influence and that a large fraction is strongly affected by multiple drivers.
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
TLDR
The third edition of Wilson and Reeder's Mammal Species of the World includes detailed information on nomenclature and, for the first time, common names.
Topography, energy and the global distribution of bird species richness
TLDR
A global perspective confirms the primary importance of mountain ranges in high-energy areas and identifies topographical variability and temperature as the most important global predictors of avian species richness in multi-predictor models.
...
...