The Prevalence of Tree Nut Allergy: A Systematic Review

@article{Mcwilliam2015ThePO,
  title={The Prevalence of Tree Nut Allergy: A Systematic Review},
  author={Vicki Mcwilliam and Jennifer J. Koplin and Caroline J Lodge and Mimi L. K. Tang and S. Dharmage and Katrina J. Allen},
  journal={Current Allergy and Asthma Reports},
  year={2015},
  volume={15},
  pages={1-13}
}
Tree nuts are one of the most common foods causing acute allergic reactions and nearly all tree nuts have been associated with fatal allergic reactions. Despite their clinical importance, tree nut allergy epidemiology remains understudied and the prevalence of tree nut allergy in different regions of the world has not yet been well characterised. We aimed to systematically review the population prevalence of tree nut allergy in children and adults. We searched three electronic databases (OVID… 
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Tree nut allergy remains an understudied area of food allergy research with limited region specific studies based on robust food allergy measures in population cohorts with longitudinal follow up, which limits the understanding of tree nut allergy prognosis.
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TN-specific skin tests and serum immunoglobulin E levels can help aid in the diagnosis of TN allergy, but a careful medical history is important because a positive test in isolation is not typically diagnostic.
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A higher rate of coexistent nut and sesame seed allergies than previously reported was found and performing sequential food challenges was labor intensive and could result in severe allergic reactions; however, it reduced dietary restrictions.
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Diagnosis of nut allergy is particularly difficult due to co-sensitization leading to high rate of false positive skin prick tests and/or specific IgE to whole allergen extracts, so diagnosis remains mainly based on the oral food challenge, which is considered as the gold standard.
Patterns of tree nut sensitization and allergy in the first 6 years of life in a population‐based cohort
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Tree nut allergy is uncommon in the first year of life, likely because of limited tree nut consumption, and at age 6 years, tree nut allergy prevalence is similar to peanut allergy prevalence.
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This is the first Italian study that provided a comprehensive characterization of children with a nut allergy, and the results are important for clinicians treating children withA nut allergy.
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TLDR
Using diagnostic algorithms such as those demonstrated for walnut/pecan and cashew/pistachio allergy may achieve greater diagnostic accuracy and reduced number of OFCs.
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Cutaneous symptoms (71.2%) were the most common allergic manifestations and cross-reactive (either sensitized or allergic) to pistachio was 53.8%.
Tree nut allergies: Allergen homology, cross‐reactivity, and implications for therapy
  • J. Smeekens, K. Bagley, M. Kulis
  • Medicine
    Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology
  • 2018
TLDR
Evidence of T‐cell cross‐reactivity among tree nuts exists in animal models and in T cells from allergic patients indicates that immunotherapeutic interventions may be possible, and how current findings can be employed for effective therapy is explored.
Diagnostics and treatment of nut and peanut allergy
TLDR
The anti-IgE antibody omalizumab has been shown to increase the tolerated amount of food allergen among food-allergic patients (as long as the treatment continues) and facilitate initiation of immunotherapy in patients with food allergies.
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