The Influence of Passive Leg Elevation on the Cross-Sectional Area of the Internal Jugular Vein and the Subclavian Vein in Awake Adults

@article{Kim2008TheIO,
  title={The Influence of Passive Leg Elevation on the Cross-Sectional Area of the Internal Jugular Vein and the Subclavian Vein in Awake Adults},
  author={J-T Kim and H-S Kim and Young-Jin Lim and Jae Hyun Bahk and K.-H. Lee and C.-S. Kim and S-D Kim and Y. Jeon},
  journal={Anaesthesia and Intensive Care},
  year={2008},
  volume={36},
  pages={65 - 68}
}
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of passive leg elevation and Trendelenburg position on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the internal jugular (IJ) and subclavian veins (SCV). Ultrasound imaging was used for the following measurements of both the IJV and SCV: baseline in the supine position (control); Trendelenburg position 15°; reverse Trendelenburg position 15° and passive leg elevation 50°. Twenty healthy male volunteers were studied. Mean CSA of the IJV was 1.12±0.57 cm2… 
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Comparison of the effect of the Trendelenburg and passive leg raising positions on internal jugular vein size in critically ill patients.
TLDR
The study shows that the Trendelenburg and PLR positions increase the size of the IJV to a similar extent in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.
The Effect of Passive Leg Elevation and/or Trendelenburg Position on the Cross-Sectional Area of the Internal Jugular Vein in Infants and Young Children Undergoing Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease
TLDR
Only T position with passive LE achieved a clinically significant increase in the CSA of both IJVs in infants and young children with LR shunt, but not in the same age group with RL shunt.
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TLDR
Hold of deep breath and 45-degree passive leg raise are alternative manoeuvres to improve visualization of internal jugular veins for conscious patients and are as effective as the Trendelenburg position.
The Effects of the Trendelenburg Position and Intrathoracic Pressure on the Subclavian Cross-Sectional Area and Distance from the Subclavian Vein to Pleura in Anesthetized Patients
TLDR
The combined application of inspiratory hold and Trendelenburg position provided a greater and more relevant degree of CSA increase without compromising DSCV-pleura, which may facilitate SCV catheterization.
Comparison of the effect of different degrees of passive leg raising on the internal jugular vein cross-sectional area in patients before thoracic surgery
TLDR
PLR increases the CSA of the right IJV, especially for patients with long fasting times before thoracic surgery, and the effect of the 30-degree PLR position is similar to that of the 50-degreePLR position, however, the success rate ofright IJV catheterization was not enhanced in this study using landmark-guided puncture, even though the C SA of the left IJV was increased.
Ultrasound validation of Trendelenburg positioning to increase internal jugular vein cross-sectional area in chronic dialysis patients
TLDR
TP does not significantly increase the cross-sectional area of the right IJV or decrease the overlap between the CA and the IJV in dialysis patients, and in fact, in some patients, it reduces the CSA.
Optimal shoulder roll height for internal jugular venous cannulation: a study of awake adult volunteers.
Comparison of the effect of the right lateral tilt position and Trendelenburg position on the right internal jugular vein in healthy volunteers: A prospective observational study
TLDR
It is found that the right lateral tilt position had no effect on the internal jugular vein cross-sectional area and that the Trendelenburg position was still the most valid position for safely increasing the right internaljugular veinCross-sectional Area.
Effects of ipsilateral tilt position on the cross-sectional area of the subclavian vein and the clinical performance of subclavian vein catheterization: a prospective randomized trial
TLDR
The csSCV was significantly larger in patients placed in the ipsilateral tilt than in the supine position, but the difference did not result in better clinical performance of landmark-based subclavian vein catheterization.
Effect of lumbar elevation on dilatation of the central veins in normal subjects
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