The Indian Ocean in Eurasian and African World-Systems before the Sixteenth Century
@article{Beaujard2005TheIO, title={The Indian Ocean in Eurasian and African World-Systems before the Sixteenth Century}, author={Philippe Beaujard}, journal={Journal of World History}, year={2005}, volume={16}, pages={411 - 465} }
The rise of towns and states and the expansion of exchange networks have resulted in the formation of various world-systems in Asia, Africa, and Europe since the fourth millennium B.C. In the first century A.D., exchanges transformed the Indian Ocean into a unified space embedded in a Eurasian and African world-system. This system evolved until the sixteenth century through four cycles that saw growing integration of its parts, demographic increase, general growth of commerce and production…
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