The Hall effect.

@article{HallTheHE,
  title={The Hall effect.},
  author={EDWIN H. Hall},
  journal={Science},
  volume={4 88},
  pages={
          351
        }
}
  • E. Hall
  • Published 10 October 1884
  • Physics
  • Science
transversely in the same direction. A space charge builds up at the upper edge and at equilibrium an electric field is set up across the semiconductor crystal such that its magnitude and direction balance the space charge. Thus at equilibrium the charge carriers flow straight through the crystal. If we connect a potentiometer across D and B, the polarity will indicate whether holes or electrons are the majority carrier and the magnitude of the potential difference VB D will provide a measure of… 
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Characteristics of a Magnetic Field Sensor with a Concentrating-Conducting Magnetic Flux Structure
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This study makes it possible to not only realize the detection of magnetic field, but also to significantly improve the sensitivity of the sensor along a non-sensitive axis.