The Hall effect.

@article{HallTheHE,
  title={The Hall effect.},
  author={EDWIN H. Hall},
  journal={Science},
  volume={5 112},
  pages={
          249
        }
}
Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Hall Effect measurement setup for electrons. Initially, the electrons follow the curved arrow, due to the magnetic force. At some distance from the current-introducing contacts, electrons pile up on the left side and deplete from the right side, which creates an electric field \(\xi_y\) in the direction of the assigned VH. VH is negative for some semi-conductors where "holes" appear to flow. In steady-state, \(\xi_y\) will be strong enough to exactly cancel out the…