The Grasshopper: A Novel Model for Assessing Vertebrate Brain Uptake

@article{Andersson2013TheGA,
  title={The Grasshopper: A Novel Model for Assessing Vertebrate Brain Uptake},
  author={Olga Andersson and Steen Honor{\'e} Hansen and Karin Hellman and Line R{\o}rb{\ae}k Olsen and Gunnar Andersson and Lassina Badolo and Niels Svenstrup and Peter Aadal Nielsen},
  journal={The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics},
  year={2013},
  volume={346},
  pages={211 - 218}
}
The aim of the present study was to develop a blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability model that is applicable in the drug discovery phase. The BBB ensures proper neural function, but it restricts many drugs from entering the brain, and this complicates the development of new drugs against central nervous system diseases. Many in vitro models have been developed to predict BBB permeability, but the permeability characteristics of the human BBB are notoriously complex and hard to predict… 
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Findings strengthen the notion that many BBB mechanisms are conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates, and suggest that novel findings in invertebrate model organisms will have a significant impact on the understanding of vertebrate BBB functions.
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The different computational tools available today, as well as the experimental methods used to determine BBB permeability, are explored, which include in vitro models and the in vivo models that yield the dataset the authors use to generate predictive models.
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TLDR
Not only may locusts be a model useful for determining BBB permeation, but possibly insects could be used in metabolism investigation, however, extensive characterization of the insect model is necessary to determine its applicability.
Identification of a Functional Homolog of the Mammalian CYP 3 A 4 in Locusts Line
Insects have been proposed as a new tool in early drug development. It was recently demonstrated that locusts have an efflux transporter localized in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that is…
An ex Vivo Model for Evaluating Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability, Efflux, and Drug Metabolism.
TLDR
Overall, the experiments indicated that invertebrates might be useful for screening of blood-brain barrier permeation, efflux, metabolism, and analysis of the unbound fraction of drugs in the brain in early drug discovery.
Development of a sensitive and quantitative capillary LC-UV method to study the uptake of pharmaceuticals in zebrafish brain
TLDR
Quantitative experiments carried out on pooled samples of six zebrafish demonstrated the selective semipermeable nature of the blood-brain barrier after incubating the zebra fish at the maximum tolerated concentration for the investigated pharmaceuticals.
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References

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