The Genesis of the ANC's Armed Struggle in South Africa 1948–1961
@article{Ellis2011TheGO, title={The Genesis of the ANC's Armed Struggle in South Africa 1948–1961}, author={Stephen C. Ellis}, journal={Journal of Southern African Studies}, year={2011}, volume={37}, pages={657 - 676} }
Revelations made by veterans of the period, and the opening of various archives, have thrown significant new light on the origins of Umkhonto we Sizwe. It is now clear that the South African Communist Party (SACP) was the first component of the congress alliance to decide to launch an armed struggle against the apartheid state, in late 1960, having consulted the Chinese leader Mao Zedong in person. Only later was the issue debated in the senior organs of the African National Congress and other…
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