The Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer: Composition of Jupiter's Atmosphere

@article{Niemann1996TheGP,
  title={The Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer: Composition of Jupiter's Atmosphere},
  author={Hasso Bernhard Otto Niemann and Sushil Atreya and George R. Carignan and Thomas M. Donahue and J. A. Haberman and Dan N. Harpold and Richard E. Hartle and Donald M. Hunten and Wayne T. Kasprzak and Paul R. Mahaffy and Tobias C. Owen and Nelson W. Spencer and Stephen Way},
  journal={Science},
  year={1996},
  volume={272},
  pages={846 - 849}
}
The composition of the jovian atmosphere from 0.5 to 21 bars along the descent trajectory was determined by a quadrupole mass spectrometer on the Galileo probe. The mixing ratio of He (helium) to H2 (hydrogen), 0.156, is close to the solar ratio. The abundances of methane, water, argon, neon, and hydrogen sulfide were measured; krypton and xenon were detected. As measured in the jovian atmosphere, the amount of carbon is 2.9 times the solar abundance relative to H2, the amount of sulfur is… Expand
View on AAAS
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
224 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
13
Background Citations
34
Methods Citations
16
Results Citations
2

224 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

Chemical composition measurements of the atmosphere of Jupiter with the Galileo Probe mass spectrometer.
  • H. Niemann, S. Atreya, +9 authors N. Spencer
  • Materials Science, Chemistry
  • Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research
  • 1998
The Galileo Probe entered the atmosphere of Jupiter on December 7, 1995. Measurements of the chemical and isotopic composition of the Jovian atmosphere were obtained by the mass spectrometer during… Expand
Noble gas abundance and isotope ratios in the atmosphere of Jupiter from the Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer
The Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer provided the first data on the noble gas mixing and isotope ratios in the Jovian atmosphere. These measurements and the comparison with solar values constrain… Expand
The composition of the Jovian atmosphere as determined by the Galileo probe mass spectrometer.
TLDR
Analysis of some of the constituents detected suggests that icy planetesimals made significant contributions to the volatile inventory, and (4) a moderate decrease in D/H but no detectable change in (D + 3He)/H in this part of the galaxy during the past 4.6 Gyr. Expand
Abundances of Deuterium and Helium-3 in the Protosolar Cloud
The mass spectrometric determinations of the isotopic composition of helium in the solar wind obtained from (1) the Apollo Solar Wind Composition (SWC) experiment, (2) the Ion Composition Instrument… Expand
Updated Galileo probe mass spectrometer measurements of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur on Jupiter
The in situ measurements of the Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer (GPMS) were expected to constrain the abundances of the cloudforming condensible volatile gases: H2O, H2S, and NH3. However, since the… Expand
Abundances of Hydrogen and Helium Isotopes in Jupiter
Abundances of hydrogen and helium isotopes in Jupiter and other giant planets can answer important questions on the origin of elements in the solar system and the nature of processes in the sun. The… Expand
Oxygen in the Sun
We review elemental and isotopic abundances of oxygen in the Sun and their implications for solar physics and Solar System formation. The oxygen content of the Sun, expressed as the O/H atom ratio,… Expand
The deuterium abundance in Jupiter and Saturn from ISO-SWS observations
Observations with the Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) onboard the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) are used to determine the D/H ratio in Jupiter's and Saturn's atmospheres. The D/H ratio is… Expand
Strange Xenon Isotope Ratios in Jupiter
In January 1998, the public release of the data collected by the Galileo space probe’s mass spectrometer on its descent into Jupiter’s atmosphere allowed scientists a glance at the composition of the… Expand
Abundances of hydrogen and helium isotopes in the Protosolar Cloud
Abstract For our understanding of the origin and evolution of baryonic matter in the Universe, the Protosolar Cloud (PSC) is of unique importance in two ways: 1) Up to now, many of the naturally… Expand
...
1
2
3
4
5
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 27 REFERENCES
The helium abundance of Saturn from Voyager measurements
Voyager radio-occultation and IR spectroscopy measurements are combined to infer an He mole fraction in the upper troposphere of Uranus of 0.152 + or - 0.033; the corresponding mass fraction is Y =… Expand
Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer experiment
The Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer (GPMS) is a Probe instrument designed to measure the chemical and isotopic composition including vertical variations of the constituents in the atmosphere of… Expand
The Helium Mass Fraction in Jupiter's Atmosphere
TLDR
Measurements of the helium abundance in the atmosphere of Jupiter provided by the NASA Galileo probe indicate that separation of helium from hydrogen in Jupiter's interior is only in its early stages. Expand
Comets, impacts, and atmospheres.
TLDR
A mixture of three basic types of comets appears capable of accounting for the observed volatile inventories on Venus, Earth, and Mars, with the caveat that impact erosion is necessary to explain the present condition of the martian atmosphere. Expand
Ammonia vertical density profiles in Jupiter and Saturn from their radioelectric and infrared emissivities
Abstract The distribution of ammonia with height in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn has been determined by inversion of microwave thermal spectra and from spectroscopic measurements of the… Expand
Goddard high-resolution spectrograph observations of the local interstellar medium and the deuterium/hydrogen ratio along the line of sight toward Capella
HST Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph observations of the 1216, 2600, and 2800 A spectral regions are analyzed for the spectroscopic binary system Capella, obtained at orbital phase 0.26 with… Expand
The D/H ratio for Jupiter
Observations of Jupiter's spectrum near the R5(0) HD line at 6063.88 A are reported. A feature with an equivalent width of 0.065 + or - 0.021 mA is coincident with the expected line. This feature is… Expand
Abundances of the elements: Meteoritic and solar
New abundance tables have been compiled for Cl chondrites and the solar photosphere and corona, based on a critical review of the literature to mid-1988. The meteorite data are generally accurate to… Expand
Thermodynamics of clathrate hydrate at low and high pressures with application to the outer solar system
The thermodynamic stability of clathrate hydrate is calculated under a wide range of temperature and pressure conditions applicable to solar system problems, using a statistical mechanical theory… Expand
Tropospheric gas composition and cloud structure of the Jovian North Equatorial Belt
High spatial resolution Voyager infrared interferometer spectrometer spectra of the North Equatorial Belt (NEB) reveal longitudinal variability of 5-μm brightness temperatures of order 100°C. These… Expand
...
1
2
3
...