The Galilean satellites.

@article{Showman1999TheGS,
  title={The Galilean satellites.},
  author={A. P. Showman and Renu Malhotra},
  journal={Science},
  year={1999},
  volume={286 5437},
  pages={
          77-84
        }
}
NASA's Galileo mission to Jupiter and improved Earth-based observing capabilities have allowed major advances in our understanding of Jupiter's moons Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto over the past few years. Particularly exciting findings include the evidence for internal liquid water oceans in Callisto and Europa, detection of a strong intrinsic magnetic field within Ganymede, discovery of high-temperature silicate volcanism on Io, discovery of tenuous oxygen atmospheres at Europa and… 
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References

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TLDR
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High-temperature silicate volcanism on Jupiter's moon Io.
Infrared wavelength observations of Io by the Galileo spacecraft show that at least 12 different vents are erupting lavas that are probably hotter than the highest temperature basaltic eruptions on…
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  • R. Carlson
  • Physics, Environmental Science
    Science
  • 1999
TLDR
An off-limb scan of Callisto was conducted by the Galileo near-infrared mapping spectrometer to search for a carbon dioxide atmosphere, finding either the atmosphere is transient and was formed recently or some process is currently supplying carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
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TLDR
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TLDR
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