• DOI:10.4000/QUATERNAIRE.5086
• Corpus ID: 126438802

The Definition of the Quaternary System/Era and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch

@article{Gibbard2009TheDO,
  title={The Definition of the Quaternary System/Era and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch},
  author={Philip L. Gibbard and Martin J. Head},
  journal={Quaternaire},
  year={2009},
  volume={20},
  pages={125-133}
}

• P. Gibbard, M. Head
• Published 1 June 2009
• Environmental Science
• Quaternaire

The Quaternary is characterised by the development of widespread glaciations in temperate northern regions, and by associated physical and biotic readjustments. As a chronostratigraphical term it has attracted considerable debate. There has long been acceptance that the Quaternary should begin at the first indication of refrigeration in the Mediterranean region, which for spurious reasons was placed at 1.8 Ma. Following protracted discus- sions, led by the International Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (ISQS) and supported by the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA), the International Commission on Stratigraphy has now officially agreed that the Quaternary will henceforth begin at 2.6 Ma within a 2.8-2.4- Ma interval of profound change in Earth's climate system. The base of the Gelasian Stage (previously Pliocene) at 2.588 Ma offered an existing global stratotype section and point (GSSP) to define the base of the Quaternary. However, adopting this measure also necessitated lowering the base of the Pleistocene from its previously defined 1.8 Ma to that of the Quaternary to maintain hierarchical order. Acceptance of this proposal recognises the distinctive qualities of the Quaternary, complies with the hierarchical requirements of the geological time scale, and respects the historical and wides- pread current usage of both terms Quaternary and Pleistocene.