The Ascending Mesolimbic Cholinergic System—A Specific Division of the Reticular Activating System Involved in the Initiation of Negative Emotional States

@article{Brudzyski2013TheAM,
  title={The Ascending Mesolimbic Cholinergic System—A Specific Division of the Reticular Activating System Involved in the Initiation of Negative Emotional States},
  author={Stefan M. Brudzyński},
  journal={Journal of Molecular Neuroscience},
  year={2013},
  volume={53},
  pages={436-445}
}
  • S. Brudzyński
  • Published 1 July 2014
  • Biology, Psychology
  • Journal of Molecular Neuroscience
The review summarizes evidences from extensive studies suggesting that ascending mesolimbic cholinergic system (AMCS) that terminates in vast areas of forebrain and diencephalic limbic areas is responsible for specific generation of aversive arousal and aversive emotional state. This state is accompanied by emission of threatening and/or alarming vocalizations that served as a quantitative measure of the emotional response. The AMCS originates from the cholinergic neurons within the… 
View on Springer
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
27 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
3
Background Citations
9
Methods Citations
2

27 Citations

Ascending Activating Systems of the Brain for Emotional Arousal
Connections of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus with the habenular‐interpeduncular‐raphe system
TLDR
Findings indicate that the habenula is linked with L DTg either by direct reciprocal projections from/to LHbM or indirectly via the MHb‐IP axis, supporting a functional role of LDTg in the regulation of aversive behaviors, and further characterizing LHb as a master controller of ascending brainstem state‐setting modulatory projection systems.
The Brainstem in Emotion: A Review
TLDR
A conceptual framework for neuroscience, psychology and behavioral science researchers to study brainstem involvement in human emotions is provided and it is shown that the human brainstem contributes to the evaluation of sensory information and triggers fixed-action pattern responses that together constitute the finely differentiated spectrum of possible emotions.
The antagonistic relationship between aversive and appetitive emotional states in rats as studied by pharmacologically-induced ultrasonic vocalization from the nucleus accumbens and lateral septum
The Concept of Ethotransmission: Rapid Emotional Communication
Assessment of sensorimotor gating following selective lesions of cholinergic pedunculopontine neurons
TLDR
Results show that cholinergic output from PPTg is essential for rapidly regenerating the ASR, but has no influence on PPI, which is widely viewed as mediating both PPI and ASR.
Deciphering midbrain mechanisms underlying prepulse inhibition of startle
Brain-wide Mapping of Mono-synaptic Afferents to Different Cell Types in the Laterodorsal Tegmentum
TLDR
Diverse inputs to the laterodorsal tegmentum on a system-wide level were revealed, including those of the ventral tegmental area, central amygdaloid nucleus, and VO, which made significantly greater inputs to somatostatin-positive cells than to PV+ cells.
The Innate Alarm System and Subliminal Threat Presentation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Neuroimaging of the Midbrain and Cerebellum
TLDR
Findings are interpreted as evidence of innate alarm system overactivation in PTSD and of the prominent role of the cerebellum in the undermodulation of emotion observed in PTSD.
Pharmacology of Ultrasonic Vocalizations in adult Rats: Significance, Call Classification and Neural Substrate
Pharmacological studies of emotional arousal and initiation of emotional states in rats measured by their ultrasonic vocalizations are reviewed. It is postulated that emission of vocalizations is an…
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 124 REFERENCES
Mesolimbic component of the ascending cholinergic pathways: electrophysiological-pharmacological study.
TLDR
Results of the study suggest that LDT cholinergic neurons project and terminate in the anterior hypothalamic-medial preoptic region (AHMP) and that their activation causes a decrease in the mean firing rate of the AHMP neurons.
Activity of cholinergic neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus during emission of 22kHz vocalization in rats
Regional specificity of the emotional-aversive response induced by carbachol in the cat brain: a quantitative mapping study.
TLDR
It is suggested that carbachol mapping selectively delineates the muscarinic cholinoceptive portion of the aversive, emotional brain system.
The two-arousal hypothesis: reticular formation and limbic system.
TLDR
It is shown how an analysis of brain function assuming two arousal systems may be of value in understanding reinforcement as part of a reciprocal relation between drive and incentive (Arousal System II).
Investigations of the cholinergic modulation of gaba release in rat thalamus slices
Reassessment of the structural basis of the ascending arousal system
TLDR
In rats the reticulo‐thalamo‐cortical pathway may play a very limited role in behavioral or electrocortical arousal, whereas the projection from the parabrachial nucleus and precoeruleus region, relayed by the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex, may be critical for this process.
Modulation of Cortical Activation and Behavioral Arousal by Cholinergic and Orexinergic Systems
  • B. Jones
  • Biology, Psychology
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
  • 2008
TLDR
A recently discovered peptide called orexin (Orx) or hypocretin, contained in diffusely projecting neurons of the hypothalamus, was found to be essential for the maintenance of waking with muscle tone, since in its absence narcolepsy with cataplexy occurred.
Role of the mesolimbic cholinergic projection to the septum in the production of 22 kHz alarm calls in rats
Ascending conduction in reticular activating system, with special reference to the diencephalon.
TLDR
The results indicate that the ventromedial part of the thalamus is most critically involved in transmission of the reticular activating influence, with the rest of theThalamus (including the diffuse thalamic projection system) playing a subsidiary role.
Cholinergic neurons of the pontomesencephalic tegmentum release acetylcholine in the basal nuclear complex of freely moving rats
...
...