The ABCs of depression: integrating affective, biological, and cognitive models to explain the emergence of the gender difference in depression.

@article{Hyde2008TheAO,
  title={The ABCs of depression: integrating affective, biological, and cognitive models to explain the emergence of the gender difference in depression.},
  author={Janet Shibley Hyde and Amy Mezulis and Lyn Y. Abramson},
  journal={Psychological review},
  year={2008},
  volume={115 2},
  pages={
          291-313
        }
}
In adulthood, twice as many women as men are depressed, a pattern that holds in most nations. In childhood, girls are no more depressed than boys, but more girls than boys are depressed by ages 13 to 15. Although many influences on this emergent gender difference in depression have been proposed, a truly integrated, developmental model is lacking. The authors propose a model that integrates affective (emotional reactivity), biological (genetic vulnerability, pubertal hormones, pubertal timing… 
View on PubMed
isites.harvard.edu
871 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
28
Background Citations
264
Methods Citations
21
Results Citations
31

Figures and Tables from this paper

871 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

Stress and the Development of Cognitive Vulnerabilities to Depression Explain Sex Differences in Depressive Symptoms During Adolescence
TLDR
It is suggested that interpersonaldependent stress is a significant risk factor for the formation of cognitive vulnerabilities to depression during adolescence, and that the sex difference in depressive symptoms may result from girls’ greater exposure to interpersonal dependent stress and ruminative response style.
Gender Differences in Depression: Biological, Affective, Cognitive, and Sociocultural Factors.
TLDR
The impact of stress is central to the vulnerability-stress model, and evidence on gender differences in stress exposure is reviewed, emphasizing sex-related traumas such as child sexual abuse and rape.
Gender and depression
A stress generation model of the development of depression in girls during the transition to adolescence: Elucidating the role of interpersonal dysfunction
The goal of the present study was to examine the extent to which deficits in emotional, social-cognitive, and behavioral functioning might precipitate heightened levels of depression symptoms in a…
Daily life with depressive symptoms: Gender differences in adolescents' everyday emotional experiences.
A Study of the Integrated Cognitive Model of Depression for Adolescents and Its Gender Difference
Over the past 40 years Beck’s cognitive theory of depression has emerged as one of the major cognitive theories to explain depressive phenomena (Oei & Dingle, 2008). It has been proposed that two…
Rumination, Depression, and Gender in Early Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study of a Bidirectional Model
Recent research suggests that rumination may represent both a risk factor for and consequence of depression, especially among female samples. Nevertheless, few longitudinal studies have examined a…
The Influence of Pubertal Development on Adolescent Depression: The Mediating Effects of Negative Physical Self and Interpersonal Stress
TLDR
Mediation analyses show that increased depression in late compared to pre- puberty is partly mediated by the enhancement of negative physical self and interpersonal stress, suggesting that the late stage of puberty is coupled by a higher risk of depression in adolescents partly through increased negative physicalSelf and interpersonal Stress.
Don't worry, be happy: The role of positive emotionality and adaptive emotion regulation strategies for youth depressive symptoms.
TLDR
It was revealed that low PE was significantly related to higher depressive symptoms among youth and that a lack of total adaptive ER abilities mediated this relationship, and clinical practitioners should focus on alleviating negative emotions and enhancing positive emotions, especially among youth low in PE.
Stress-Reactive Rumination, Negative Cognitive Style, and Stressors in Relationship to Depressive Symptoms in Non-Clinical Youth
TLDR
The cognitive vulnerability-stress interaction may be moderated by the combination of age and gender in youth, which may explain inconsistent findings so far.
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 318 REFERENCES
An Interactive Model for the Emergence of Gender Differences in Depression in Adolescence
There are no consistent gender differences in rates of depression among prepubescent children. By mid-adolescence (age 13 to 15 years), however, girls show significantly higher rates of depressive…
Adolescent depression: Why more girls?
TLDR
The developmental pattern of depressed affect is examined over early and middle adolescence, with a special focus on the patterns of boys as compared to girls, and a developmental model for mental health in adolescence is tested for its power in explaining the emergence of gender differences in depression.
Gender Differences in Adolescent Depressive Symptomatology: Towards an Integrated Social-Developmental Model
Research has consistently shown that females are twice as likely to be depressed as males, and that this difference emerges as early as adolescence. One explanation for this finding is that gender…
Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms During Adolescence
Although boys present a similar or even higher rate of depressive symptoms than girls prior to adolescence, girls become more depressive than boys during their teenage years. Pubertal changes have…
Development of gender differences in depression: an elaborated cognitive vulnerability-transactional stress theory.
TLDR
A developmentally sensitive, elaborated cognitive vulnerability-transactional stress model of depression is proposed to explain the "big fact" of the emergence of the gender difference in depression during adolescence.
Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms.
TLDR
Chronic strain, low mastery, and rumination were each more common in women than in men and mediated the gender difference in depressive symptoms and contributed to more rumination and less mastery over time.
Developmental differences in cognitive diatheses for child depression
We studied developmental changes in the relation between cognitive style (i.e., attributional style and cognitive errors) and depression in children. Subjects included 409 fourth-, sixth-, and…
Factors Contributing to Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms: A Test of Three Developmental Models
In a longitudinal study on 115 early adolescents, the impact of major events, relationship stressors, and coping style in interaction with biological changes on depressive outcome in late adolescence…
Temperament, Stress Reactivity, and Coping: Implications for Depression in Childhood and Adolescence
  • B. Compas, J. Connor-Smith, S. Jaser
  • Psychology
    Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53
  • 2004
TLDR
Evidence suggests that the temperamental characteristics of positive and negative emotionality, and to a lesser extent attentional control, are implicated in depressive symptoms.
Gender differences in depression. Critical review.
TLDR
Determinants of gender differences in depressive disorders are far from being established and their combination into integrated aetiological models continues to be lacking.
...
...