The 160-Kilobase Genome of the Bacterial Endosymbiont Carsonella

@article{Nakabachi2006The1G,
  title={The 160-Kilobase Genome of the Bacterial Endosymbiont Carsonella},
  author={Atsushi Nakabachi and Atsushi Yamashita and Hidehiro Toh and Hajime Ishikawa and Helen E Dunbar and Nancy A. Moran and Masahira Hattori},
  journal={Science},
  year={2006},
  volume={314},
  pages={267 - 267}
}
Previous studies have suggested that the minimal cellular genome could be as small as 400 kilobases. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the psyllid symbiont Carsonella ruddii, which consists of a circular chromosome of 159,662 base pairs, averaging 16.5% GC content. It is by far the smallest and most AT-rich bacterial genome yet characterized. The genome has a high coding density (97%) with many overlapping genes and reduced gene length. Genes for translation and amino acid… 
View on AAAS
mi.fu-berlin.de
518 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
35
Background Citations
233
Methods Citations
3
Results Citations
12

518 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

Loss of Conserved Noncoding RNAs in Genomes of Bacterial Endosymbionts
TLDR
It is found that the loss of cis-regulatory ncRNA sequences, which regulate the expression of cognate protein-coding genes, is characterized by the reduction of secondary structure formation propensity, GC content, and length of the corresponding genomic regions.
The bacterial essence of tiny symbiont genomes.
Genome size of Pachypsylla venusta (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and the ploidy of its bacteriocyte, the symbiotic host cell that harbors intracellular mutualistic bacteria with the smallest cellular genome
TLDR
Psyllids harbor the primary symbiont, Carsonella ruddii (γ-Proteobacteria), within the cytoplasm of specialized cells called bacteriocytes, and whole genome analysis of psyllids provides a foundation for genomics-based research into host-symbiont interactions.
Flavin-dependent thymidylate synthase X limits chromosomal DNA replication
TLDR
The authors' statistical studies of >400 genomes indicated that ThyA proteins are preferred for the replication of large genomes, providing further evidence that the thymidylate metabolism is limiting expansion of prokaryotic genomes.
Extreme genome reduction in symbiotic bacteria
TLDR
Since 2006, numerous cases of bacterial symbionts with extraordinarily small genomes have been reported, pointing to highly degenerate genomes that retain only the most essential functions, often including a considerable fraction of genes that serve the hosts.
Endosymbiont gene functions impaired and rescued by polymerase infidelity at poly(A) tracts
TLDR
Transcriptional slippage is demonstrated at poly(A) tracts within genes of Buchnera aphidicola associated with aphids and Blochmannia pennsylvanicus associated with ants, demonstrating features of homopolymeric tracts that could be exploited to manipulate gene expression in small synthetic genomes.
Promoter Characterization in the AT-Rich Genome of the Obligate Endosymbiont “Candidatus Blochmannia floridanus”
ABSTRACT The characterization of transcriptional start sites of 14 genes encoded by the extremely AT-rich genome of “Candidatus Blochmannia floridanus” revealed a high degree of conservation with the…
Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Carsonella ruddii” Strain BT from the Psyllid Bactericera trigonica
TLDR
The genome of “Candidatus Carsonella ruddii” strain BT from Bactericera trigonica in Israel was sequenced and has a G+C content of 14.6%, with 224 predicted open reading frames (ORFs) and 30 RNAs.
Exploring the genomes of Frankia
TLDR
Instances of gene duplication, gene loss and gene acquisition through lateral transfer show that the three Frankia genomes are dynamic and have evolved as a function of their host characteristics and biogeography.
The Enigmatic Genome of an Obligate Ancient Spiroplasma Symbiont in a Hadal Holothurian
TLDR
The genome of endosymbiotic spiroplasmas in the gut of a sea cucumber captured in the Mariana Trench is presented, indicating the important ecological role of the ancient Spiroplasma symbiont in the maintenance of hadal ecosystems.
...
1
2
3
4
5
...

References

SHOWING 1-7 OF 7 REFERENCES
Extreme genome reduction in Buchnera spp.: Toward the minimal genome needed for symbiotic life
TLDR
Evidence is shown of six species with a genome size smaller than Mycoplasma genitalium, the smallest bacterial genome reported thus far, which strongly suggest that the Buchnera genome is still experiencing a reductive process toward a minimum set of genes necessary for its symbiotic lifestyle.
Biology bacteriocyte-associated endosymbionts of plant sap-sucking insects.
  • P. Baumann
  • Biology
    Annual review of microbiology
  • 2005
TLDR
Psyllids, whiteflies, aphids, and mealybugs are members of the suborder Sternorrhyncha and share a common property, namely the utilization of plant sap as their food source, and the different properties of the genomes and fragments of the genome suggest that there are different constraints on the permissible evolutionary changes.
The genome of Nanoarchaeum equitans: Insights into early archaeal evolution and derived parasitism
TLDR
The hyperthermophile Nanoarchaeum equitans is an obligate symbiont growing in coculture with the crenarchaeon Ignicoccus, and represents a basal archaeal lineage and has a highly reduced genome.
Ancient Invasions: From Endosymbionts to Organelles
TLDR
The acquisitions of mitochondria and plastids were important events in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell, supplying it with compartmentalized bioenergetic and biosynthetic factories and transforming into extraordinarily diverse organelles that reveal complex histories that the authors are only beginning to decipher.
Cospeciation of Psyllids and Their Primary Prokaryotic Endosymbionts
TLDR
The rate of sequence change in the 16S-23S rDNA of the psyllid P endosymbiont was considerably higher than that of other bacteria, including other fast-evolving insect endosYmbionts.
CORRECTIONS &CLARIFICATIONS Brevia: “The 160-kilobase genome of the bacterial endosymbiont Carsonella
  • 2006
CORRECTIONS &CLARIFICATIONS Brevia: “The 160-kilobase genome of the bacterial endosymbiont Carsonella,
  • 2006