Tetrodotoxin‐Sensitive action potentials from the brain of the polyclad flatworm, Notoplana acticola

@article{Keenan1981TetrodotoxinSensitiveAP,
  title={Tetrodotoxin‐Sensitive action potentials from the brain of the polyclad flatworm, Notoplana acticola},
  author={Larry Keenan and Harold Koopowitz},
  journal={Journal of Experimental Zoology},
  year={1981},
  volume={215},
  pages={209-213}
}
Action potentials recorded intracellularly from the brain of the polyclad flatworm, Notoplana acticola, show reductions in amplitude in the presence of 3.2 × 10−5 M tetrodotoxin. Vibration responder cells and spontaneously active cells were sensitive to tetrodotoxin. One cell was found that did not respond to the toxin. Most brain cells filled with Lucifer Yellow dye were found to be heteropolar multipolar neurones quite unlike those commonly found in other invertebrate ganglia. 
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Multimodal interneurones in the polyclad flatworm,Alloeoplana californica
TLDR
Two morphological types of interneurones were found in the brain of Alloeoplana californica that respond to water vibration and to light offset and form part of the neuronal circuitry underlying arousal.
Differential sensitivity of tetrodotoxin of nociceptive neurons in 4 species of leeches
  • J. Johansen, A. Kleinhaus
  • Biology
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
  • 1986
TLDR
It is reported that the Na-dependent action potential (AP) of the 2 cell types in Macrobdella have differential sensitivities to tetrodotoxin and that the APs of the N-cell homologs from different leech species also vary considerably in their response to TTX.
Ionic bases of action potentials in identified flatworm neurones
TLDR
Ionic mechanisms in the generation of action potentials in the central multimodal neurones of Notoplana pharmacologically resemble those in higher metazoans.
PROPERTIES OF 185TAGE-ACTIVATED IONIC CURRENTS IN CELLS FROM THE BRAINS OF THE TRICLAD FLATWORM BDELLOURA CANDIDA
TLDR
These animals are, therefore, the lowest animals known to possess TTX-sensitive sodium currents and, as such, represent a major stage in sodium channel evolution.
On the evolution of central nervous systems: Implications from polyclad turbellarian neurobiology
The nervous system of the polyclad turbellarian Notoplana acticola consists of a series of nerve plexuses and a central ganglion, the brain. The brain contains a variety of cell types including…
Physiology and pharmacology of turbellarian neuromuscular systems
TLDR
What is known about the physiology and pharmacology of the turbellarian neuromuscular system is reviewed, with particular attention given to the triclad flatworm Bdelloura Candida, the best studied species in this respect.
Neuromuscular physiology of Hymenolepis diminuta and H. microstoma (Cestoda).
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The results indicate that peripheral inhibition is extremely important in cestode motor control and that extracellular calcium ions may regulate the peripheral inhibitory mechanisms.
Electrophysiological and pharmacological characterization of K+-currents in muscle fibres isolated from the ventral sucker of Fasciola hepatica
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It is concluded that voltage-and Ca2+-sensitive K+-channels are expressed in this tissue, but that their pharmacology differs considerably from equivalent channels in other phyla.
In vivo visualization of living flatworm neurons using Lucifer yellow intracellular injections
Nerve repair and behavioral recovery following brain transplantation in Notoplana acticola, a polyclad flatworm.
TLDR
Although anatomical and functional neural connections apparently were made rapidly following brain transplantation, the specificity of the reconnections remains to be shown.
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