THE BATTLE OF ACTIUM: A RECONSIDERATION*

@article{Lange2011THEBO,
  title={THE BATTLE OF ACTIUM: A RECONSIDERATION*},
  author={Carsten Hjort Lange},
  journal={The Classical Quarterly},
  year={2011},
  volume={61},
  pages={608 - 623}
}
  • C. Lange
  • Published 2011
  • History
  • The Classical Quarterly
Ancient writers present, with one exception, a consistent account of how Antonius came to lose the battle of Actium on 2 September 31 B.C. In these versions, while the battle was still raging, Cleopatra and her squadron took flight, and Antonius chose to join them. His abandoned fleet fought on bravely but succumbed by the end of the day, and Antonius’ army of nineteen legions surrendered to Octavian a few days later. However, until Cleopatra’s withdrawal, Antonius had been fighting for victory… Expand
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  • C. Lange
  • History
  • Papers of the British School at Rome
  • 2013
Many of the wars of the Late Republican period were largely civil conflicts, and there was thus a tension between the traditional expectation that triumphs should be celebrated for victories over… Expand
The naval battle of Actium and the myth of the ship-holder: the effect of bathymetry
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