Synthesis of Penicillin: 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid in Penicillin Fermentations

@article{Batchelor1959SynthesisOP,
  title={Synthesis of Penicillin: 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid in Penicillin Fermentations},
  author={F. R. Batchelor and Frank Peter Doyle and John Herbert Charles Nayler and George Newbolt Rolinson},
  journal={Nature},
  year={1959},
  volume={183},
  pages={257-258}
}
THE work reported here stemmed from the experiments described in an earlier communication1 on p-aminobenzylpenicillin, in which discrepancies were observed between chemical and biological methods of penicillin assay when a precursor was omitted from penicillin fermentations. 
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References

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Penicillin Derivatives of p-Aminobenzyl-penicillin
TLDR
The work reported here was carried out in order to obtain p-aminobenzylpenicillin for use as the parent compound of a series of derivatives. Expand
THE SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED PENICILLINS AND SIMPLER STRUCTURAL ANALOGS. VII. THE CYCLIZATION OF A PENICILLOATE DERIVATIVE TO METHYL PHTHALIMIDOPENICILLANATE
The chemistry of penicillin