Sustained Increase in Flow-Mediated Dilation After Daily Intake of High-Flavanol Cocoa Drink Over 1 Week

@article{Heiss2007SustainedII,
  title={Sustained Increase in Flow-Mediated Dilation After Daily Intake of High-Flavanol Cocoa Drink Over 1 Week},
  author={Christian Heiss and David Finis and Petra Kleinbongard and Arne Hoffmann and Tienush Rassaf and Malte Kelm and Helmut Sies},
  journal={Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology},
  year={2007},
  volume={49},
  pages={74-80}
}
A single-dose ingestion of flavanol-rich cocoa acutely reverses endothelial dysfunction. To investigate the time course of endothelial function during daily consumption of high-flavanol cocoa, we determined flow-mediated dilation (FMD) acutely (for up to 6 hours after single-dose ingestion) and chronically (administration for 7 days). The study population represented individuals with smoking-related endothelial dysfunction; in addition to FMD, plasma nitrite and nitrate were measured. The daily… 
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Dose-dependent increases in flow-mediated dilation following acute cocoa ingestion in healthy older adults.
TLDR
Results indicate that acute cocoa ingestion dose dependently increases brachial artery FMD in healthy older humans, which may help to explain associations between flavonoid intake and cardiovascular-related mortality in humans.
Acute and chronic flow-mediated dilation and blood pressure responses to daily intake of boysenberry juice: a preliminary study
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Daily intake of boysenberry juice is beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk and changes in systolic blood pressure correlated negatively with SBP before intake only in the follow-up stage, indicating a greater SBP reduction in subjects with higher SBP.
Impact of cocoa flavanol consumption on blood pressure responsiveness to exercise.
TLDR
By facilitating vasodilation and attenuating exercise-induced increases in BP, cocoa flavanols may decrease cardiovascular risk and enhance the cardiovascular benefits of moderate intensity exercise in at-risk individuals.
Cocoa consumption for 2 wk enhances insulin-mediated vasodilatation without improving blood pressure or insulin resistance in essential hypertension.
TLDR
Daily consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa for 2 wk is not sufficient to reduce blood pressure or improve insulin resistance in human subjects with essential hypertension and had no significant effects on skeletal muscle capillary recruitment, circulating plasma concentrations of adipocytokines, or endothelial adhesion molecules.
Brachial and Cerebrovascular Functions Are Enhanced in Postmenopausal Women after Ingestion of Chocolate with a High Concentration of Cocoa.
TLDR
It is suggested that chocolate containing high concentrations of cocoa may modify the relation between cerebral metabolism and blood flow responses in postmenopausal women.
One-week cocoa flavanol intake increases prefrontal cortex oxygenation at rest and during moderate-intensity exercise in normoxia and hypoxia.
TLDR
It is shown that CF had beneficial effects on endothelial function at rest, as well as on prefrontal oxygenation at rest and during moderate-intensity exercise, both in normoxia and hypoxia, and that CF intake inhibited oxidative stress during exhaustive exercise in Hypoxia.
Cocoa extract intake for 4 weeks reduces postprandial systolic blood pressure response of obese subjects, even after following an energy-restricted diet
TLDR
The daily consumption of cocoa extract within an energy- restricted diet for 4 weeks resulted in a greater reduction of postprandial AUC of systolic blood pressure compared with the effect of energy-restricted diet alone and independently of body weight loss, suggesting the role of cocoa flavanols on postpr andial blood pressure homeostasis.
Dose-related effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on blood pressure
TLDR
The results support previous evidence for CF to lower BP, however more research is needed to establish the most effective dose and food matrix.
Interactions between cocoa flavanols and inorganic nitrate: additive effects on endothelial function at achievable dietary amounts.
ENHANCED BRACHIAL AND CEREBROVASCULAR FUNCTION IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN FOLLOWING INGESTION OF HIGH CACOA CONCENTRADED CHOCOLATE
TLDR
It is suggested that chocolate containing high concentrations of cacoa may modify the relationship between cerebral metabolism and blood flow responses in 24 postmenopausal women.
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