• DOI:10.1029/2002JB001997
• Corpus ID: 131282494

Susceptibility of mid‐ocean ridge volcanic islands and seamounts to large‐scale landsliding

@article{Mitchell2003SusceptibilityOM,
  title={Susceptibility of mid‐ocean ridge volcanic islands and seamounts to large‐scale landsliding},
  author={Neil C. Mitchell},
  journal={Journal of Geophysical Research},
  year={2003},
  volume={108},
  pages={2397}
}

• N. Mitchell
• Published 1 April 2003
• Geology
• Journal of Geophysical Research

[1] With a view to assessing the incidence of large-scale landsliding, a morphologic database was created for volcanic islands and seamounts on young oceanic lithosphere. The database included 44 mid-ocean ridge seamounts, Jasper seamount and the islands of Ascension, Bouvet, Guadalupe, and several of the Galapagos and Azores Islands, supplemented with published reports from a further five volcanic edifices. The data reveal that major landslides are common on edifices taller than 2500 m but are rare in shorter edifices, implying a threshold of instability at around 2500 m. A number of causes of this threshold are discussed. For example, many structures taller than 2500 m are, or were originally, volcanic islands, and therefore their flanks probably include extensive weak hyaloclastite built up from lava-sea interactions around coasts. Compaction of hyaloclastites in larger edifices lead to regions of low permeability, which may help to explain the more deeply seated slope failures. It is intriguing that the threshold also coincides with the edifice height at which volcanic ridges become observable, a stage at which dike intrusion is probably common because slope oversteepening or excess pore pressure associated with dike intrusions have been proposed elsewhere as landslide triggers. The current indications of landsliding reveal no observable relation to rainfall, as landslides occur equally in wet and dry climates, and no relation to tectonic setting, as there are relatively few major landslides in the seismically active Azores group.